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Depression
5
$200
What is depression?
feelings of sadness, change of mood and behavior over two consecutive weeks and interferers with life function
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$400
What neurotransmitter’s are affected with depression?
Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Dopamine
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$600
What are possible treatments for depression?
medication (antidepressants), therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation ( no longer very prevalent)
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$800
Which age group over a 12-month prevalence of symptoms, tends to experience depression most?
18-29 years old (200%)
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$1,000
Which parts of the brain tend to decrease in volume when experiencing the symptoms of depression?
Frontal Lobe and Hippocampus
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Bipolar Disorder
5
$200
How many categories of bipolar disorder are there and what are they called?
3. They are bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.
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$400
Can bipolar disorder be inherited?
Yes in some cases. There are genetic factors in developing bipolar disorder and there is an increase in likelihood if both parents have the condition.
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$600
What kind of medication is used to treat bipolar disorder?
Mood stabilizers or antipsychotics. Usually a combination.
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$800
According to the DSM-5 how long must someone experience symptoms of mania to be considered bipolar?How many of the seven symptoms must be experienced?
They must experience at least three of the seven symptoms, About 4 to 7 consecutive days
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$1,000
According to the DSM-5 how long must someone experience symptoms of depression to be considered bipolar? How many of the eight symptoms must be experienced?
They must experience five or more of the listed symptoms within 2 weeks.
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Schizophrenia
5
$200
Symptoms of Schizophrenia become apparent in what age range?
Late adolescents and/or early adulthood
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$400
What is the overall lifetime risk of schizophrenia (according to McGrath)
4/1000 (or 1 in every 250 people), with no significant sex differences
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$600
Why is it important to take early action in those with psychosis/schizophrenia?
Early intervention can prevent the imbedding of psychoses in the personality. Along with medication, cognitive behavioral therapy (for ex.) is helpful to continue to give proper and full treatment
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$800
What are some symptoms that can indicate schizophrenia?
Subtle personality changes, irritability, gradual intrusion of unusual thoughts.
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$1,000
What are some disorders that share symptomology with schizophrenia?
Recent studies show that autism and bipolar disorder share genetic factors with schizophrenia.
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PTSD
5
$200
What is PTSD?
It is a psychological reaction to a traumatic event. It can include exposure to death, sexual violence or a serious injury.
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$400
What type of therapy can be an effective resource for PTSD?
Psychotherapy
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$600
What are the 5 types of PTSD?
Normal Stress Response, Comorbid PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, Uncomplicated PTSD, and Complex PTSD.
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$800
What stress hormone may be activating the “fight-flight-freeze” response in the brain ?
Cortisol
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$1,000
In the United States, what is the 12 month prevalence of ptsd for the general population ?
1%-3.5%
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OCD
5
$200
Having the urge to do something repeatedly
Compulsion
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$400
The component of OCD that causes people to have unwanted thoughts or sensations
Obsession
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$600
OCD is among a generalized group of disorders known as
Anxiety disorders
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$800
This gender is more likely to have OCD
Females
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$1,000
OCD is associated with a lack of this neurotransmitter
Serotonin
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Addiction
5
$200
What are the three forms of addiction?
Mild, moderate, and severe
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$400
How many specific addictive disorders are included in the DSM-5?
Over 50
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$600
What do the nature of addictions stem from?
The need to seek satisfaction from an external source to alleviate emotional pain
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$800
How do addictive agents enhance activity in the reward pathway?
Increase the release of dopamine within the brain nucleus
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$1,000
What is considered to be the “hallmark” of addictive agents?
Abrupt cessation leads to withdrawals, which can only be prevented by consuming more of the agent
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Bonus
5
$400
Excessive release of which hormone from the adrenal cortex can lead to prolonged feelings of hopelessness, rejection, and anger, serving as a trigger to anxiety and depressive disorders?
Cortisol
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$800
What are at least three environmental factors of mental illness?
Racism, poverty, abuse, occupation, social stigma, prolonged anger, prolonged deprivation
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$1,200
What is at least one WHO strategy for improving outcomes among those with mental illness?
Improving provision of good-quality treatment and care for mental health conditions. Improving access for people with or at risk for mental illness to social welfare services for education and employment. Introducing human rights protection for people with mental illness.
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$1,600
What effect does the continued suppression of emotions, such as fear anger, have on neurons and overall condition of the patient?
Atrophy and endogenous toxicosis of neurons, leading to diminished levels of norepinephrine, associated with depression
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$2,000
What is one method of improving mental illness treatment, access, and human rights protection?
TREATMENT: including mental health in broader health policies, expanding evidence-based mental health interventions in general health services. ACCESS: supporting child and adolescent education, promoting early-age education for vulnerable children, including people with mental illness in employment and programs, creating links between mental health services, housing, and social services. PROTECTION: developing policies and lows that protect and promote human rights, supporting development of strong civil society, promoting full inclusion of all individuals.
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