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CH2 Grammar

Declension of Verbs

Būt ‘to be’ and Nebūt ‘not to be’ in the Past and Future Tenses

Tense
Person
Latvian
English
Past
es (I)
biju / nebiju
was / was not
​
tu (you sg.)
biji / nebiji
were / were not
​
viņš, viņa
bija / nebija
was / was not
​
mēs (we)
bijām / nebijām
were / were not
​
jūs (you pl.)
bijāt / nebijāt
were / were not
Future
es (I)
būšu / nebūšu
will be / will not be
​
tu (you sg.)
būsi / nebūsi
will be / will not be
​
viņš, viņa
būs / nebūs
will be / will not be
​
mēs (we)
būsim / nebūsim
will be / will not be
​
jūs (you pl.)
būsiet / nebūsiet
will be / will not be
There are no rows in this table
⁠

Verb Conjugation Examples

Būt / Nebūt (To Be / Not To Be)

Past Tense:
Latvian: Es biju laimīgs. / Es nebiju laimīgs.
English: I was happy. / I was not happy.
Latvian: Viņš bija mājās. / Viņš nebija mājās.
English: He was at home. / He was not at home.
Future Tense:
Latvian: Es būšu tur rīt. / Es nebūšu tur rīt.
English: I will be there tomorrow. / I will not be there tomorrow.
Latvian: Mēs būsim laimīgi. / Mēs nebūsim laimīgi.
English: We will be happy. / We will not be happy.

Strādāt ‘to work’, Studēt ‘to study’, Dzīvot ‘to live’ in the Present Tense

Person
Latvian
English
es (I)
strādāju, studēju, dzīvoju
work, study, live
tu (you sg.)
strādā, studē, dzīvo
work, study, live
viņš, viņa
strādā, studē, dzīvo
works, studies, lives
mēs (we)
strādājam, studējam, dzīvojam
work, study, live
jūs (you pl.)
strādājat, studējat, dzīvojat
work, study, live
There are no rows in this table
⁠

Strādāt, Studēt, Dzīvot (To Work, To Study, To Live)

Present Tense:
Latvian: Es strādāju bankā. / Tu strādā slimnīcā.
English: I work at a bank. / You work at a hospital.
Latvian: Viņa studē universitātē. / Mēs studējam kopā.
English: She studies at the university. / We study together.
Latvian: Viņi dzīvo Rīgā. / Jūs dzīvojat mājā.
English: They live in Riga. / You live in a house.

Declension of Nouns: Nominative and Locative Cases

Declension
Nominative (Kas?)
Locative (Kur?)
1
-s, -š
-ā
2
-is
-ī
3
-us
-ū
4
-a
-ā
5
-e
-ē
6
-s
-ī
There are no rows in this table
⁠

Examples

Declension
Nominative (Kas?)
Locative (Kur?)
1
nam-s (house)
nam-ā
1
ceļ-š (road)
ceļ-ā
2
stārķ-is (stork)
stārķ-ī
3
Sald-us (Saldu)
Sald-ū
4
māj-a (home)
māj-ā
5
up-e (river)
up-ē
6
valst-s (country)
valst-ī
There are no rows in this table
⁠
Nominative Case (Kas?):
Latvian: Tas ir mans nam-s. (1st Declension)
English: That is my house.
Latvian: Ceļ-š ir garš. (1st Declension)
English: The road is long.
Latvian: Stārķ-is lido. (2nd Declension)
English: The stork is flying.
Locative Case (Kur?):
Latvian: Es esmu nam-ā. (1st Declension)
English: I am in the house.
Latvian: Viņš ir ceļ-ā. (1st Declension)
English: He is on the road.
Latvian: Stārķ-is ir ligzdā. (2nd Declension)
English: The stork is in the nest.
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