The literature review encompassed scientific and academic publications and government and industry grey literature reports published through May 2024. The review also included sources from Google Scholar,citations within reviewed literature, and related studies and grey literature reports. The results (identified impacts to marine ecosystems from (F)OSW) are separated into four focus areas: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles, Birds and Bats, Fish and Fishery Ecology, and Habitats and Ecosystems.