The following is an itemized breakdown of the distribution of funds currently committed between all available investment vehicles.
1
2
3
4
Source
Type
% of Total
Amount
Source
Type
% of Total
Amount
Cohere Community
Equity (Common)
3.1%
$454,780.00
Waypoint Capital
Debt
28.4%
$4,093,024.00
Private Lender (Anchor)
Profit Share
43.5%
$9,884,195.00
Torus Fund
Equity (Preferred)
25%
$3,872,690.00
There are no rows in this table
100%
Sum
$18,304,689.00
Sum
Often when you hear someone describe the financial structure of a real estate deal they will refer to the “capital stack” (frequently depicted as a bar graph or pyramid). The capital stack represents all the different types of capital invested into a real estate asset and the relationship between each category.
Traditionally, there are two main types of capital:
Equity, which represents an ownership interest in the asset.
Debt, a loan given to the equity ownership and typically collateralized by the asset itself or other assets of the equity owner.
Seniority and Risk
The capital stack outlines the relationship between the equity and the debt. The lower down on the stack the lower the risk to that capital, and vice versa as you move higher up. This lower risk then translates to a lower return. As you move up the stack, the risk and potential returns increase accordingly. This relationship can also be described as seniority.
Debt
Debt is always lower down on the capital stack and therefore senior to the equity, meaning that it is first to be paid back. Most real estate debt is provided by traditional lenders, such as banks, that take the senior secured position. Because senior debt is in the most secure position, the return (or interest rate) charged is the lowest and is often fixed or capped. Debt also comes with a fixed term, at the end of which the equity ownership must pay back the entire principal plus interest or risk losing control of the asset.
Equity
Equity owners are at the top of the capital stack and are in the riskiest position; they are last to be paid back. Because of this, equity investors typically require the largest returns to compensate for that risk. Equity investors, unlike debt, participate in the success of the investment, meaning that their upside or potential returns are not capped but can increase or decrease depending upon the performance of the investment. Because equity investors are owners of the asset there is no fixed term for the investment; full payout only occurs when the asset is sold or an individual investor sells his/her ownership interest.
In almost all real estate deals, there is a sponsor (often a manager or developer) that contributes a small portion of the equity and is responsible for the management and performance of the actual investment. The sponsor will raise additional equity from investors who take a senior position within the equity itself, frequently receiving a preferred return and first payback rights.
Preferred Equity
As financing for real estate deals has become more complex, there have been additional types of capital added to the stack that often act as a hybrid between equity and debt. This category is often referred to as mezzanine debt or preferred equity. As a hybrid structure, this type of investment is senior to traditional equity investment but subordinate to the debt. Often the return structure is also a hybrid between true equity or debt, where mezzanine/preferred equity investors receive a fixed annual payback over a specific investment term but potentially can participate in the upside or continued success of the investment.
Each real estate deal is unique, and the factors that contribute to the potential risks and returns vary. The structure of the capital stack will therefore also vary from deal to deal. As an investor, it is important to fully understand the potential risks at each point in the stack and also have a clear outline of exactly what returns you are entitled to. Not all investment structures are suitable for all investors, as with more complexity also comes more risk and the potential for a complete loss of an investment.
Revenue-Based Financing
Earn a fixed, monthly income from 2.23 - 8.12% p.a. and chose from different terms.
The information herein contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding Cohere’s (the “Company”) future results of operations and financial position, including financial targets, business strategy, plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The Company has based these forward-looking statements largely on its current estimates of its financial results and its current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that it believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs as of the date of this publication. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Moreover, the Company operates in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment.
It is not possible for Company management to predict all risks, nor can the Company assess the impact of all factors on its business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements the Company may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this presentation may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither the Company nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this publication, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in the Company’s expectations.
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