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### Closed‑Book Written Exam — Development Economics (MSc Agriculture & Food Economics) Duration 2 h · 8 questions · 80 points

Table 52

Table 52

Q‑no

Cognitive focus (Bloom)

Task & expected response mode

Points

Remember ➜ Understand

Define economic growth vs. development and explain two limits of GDP as a welfare metric. (3‑4 bullet points max)

Analyze ➜ Evaluate

In a short essay (≈½ page), use the Solow model to assess whether unconditional income convergence is realistic for least‑developed countries. Support with one recent empirical study.

Understand ➜ Apply

List & explain three channels through which institutions affect development, then illustrate with one historical case (e.g. Ghana vs. Côte d’Ivoire or the Koreas). (Bullets + ≤5 sentences)

Apply

Identify three core labour‑market challenges in low‑income agrarian economies and propose one concrete policy for each. (tabulated bullets welcome)

Analyze

Using the Harris‑Todaro framework, analyze how rural‑urban migration shapes (i) agricultural productivity, (ii) urban unemployment. (≈⅓ page; diagrams optional)

Evaluate

Pick water or land management. Critically appraise one real‑world policy or project, discussing effectiveness, distributional impacts, and transferability. (structured paragraph)

Compare ➜ Evaluate

Contrast RCTs and IV designs for policy impact evaluation in natural‑resource management. Cover identification logic, data demands, ethical/practical limits, plus one exemplar study for each. (≤¾ page)

Synthesize ➜ Evaluate

For Sub‑Saharan African agriculture, synthesize two major climate‑change risks and propose two evidence‑based adaptation strategies, justifying expected welfare effects. (bullet–essay hybrid)

There are no rows in this table

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Answer-length signals:

“Bullets” = concise phrases (≤2 lines each).

“Short essay/paragraph” = coherent prose, ~120‑180 words.

Where asked for examples, titles/authors of papers earn bonus credit.

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#### Sample Answer Outlines (abbreviated)

Q1 Growth = ↑real per‑capita output; Development = multidimensional welfare ↑ (health, education, freedoms). GDP blind to distribution, unpaid work, ecological depletion, etc.

Q2 Steady‑state y∗y^*y∗ set by s, n, δ, A. Poor countries converge only if identical fundamentals; divergence when savings gaps, institutions, or technology diffusion differ. Eg. Pritchett’s “Divergence, Big Time” vs. Barro 2016 conditional convergence results.

Q3 Channels: (i) property‑rights security → investment; (ii) bureaucratic quality → public‑good supply; (iii) corruption rents → misallocation. Case: cocoa pricing boards in Ghana vs. Côte d’Ivoire. (…similar condensed keys for Q4‑Q8)

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