Skip to content
Lecture 3. Information Policy
Table Of Content
1. Definition
1914-1918
Sandra Braman, Defining Information Policy, January 2011, Journal of Information Policy 1(1):1-5, DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.1
Definition Today
Information Policy
Set of guidelines, regulations, and laws that determines how
information can be stored, provided, and used
Ensures that information is handled securely, accurately, and in
compliance with applicable laws and standards.
“Information policy is comprised of laws, regulations, and doctrinal positions – and other decisionmaking and practices with society-wide constitutive effects – involving information creation,processing, flows, access, and use. “
Sandra Braman, Defining Information Policy, January 2011, Journal of Information Policy 1(1):1-5, DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.1
Supermarket
2. Main components
Compliance and Legal Framework
Ethical Considerations
Access and Transparency
Intellectual Property Rights
Data governance
Privacy and Security
Privacy and Security
Privacy laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe
→ Outlines measures to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and misuse of information
→ Companies must establish rigorous protocols, perform regular audits, and implement data minimization strategies to ensure compliance and foster consumer trust
Access and Transparency
How information is made available to the public or specific stakeholders ( Fosters trust and accountability)
→Mandates the dissemination of relevant, accurate, and timely information—ranging from nutritional content to environmental impact
→ labeling, public reporting systems, certification programs, traceability tools
→Open data initiatives can also enhance transparency, empowering consumers and enabling researchers to analyze food system trends
Intellectual Property Rights
Defines ownership of information, data, or creative works. It outlines how intellectual property is protected and ensures that creators' rights are respected
→ this encompasses trademarks, patents for agricultural biotechnology, branding strategies, and copyrights on product designs or communication tools
2. Main components
Compliance and Legal Framework
Ethical Considerations
Access and Transparency
Intellectual Property Rights
Data governance
Privacy and Security
Ethical Considerations
How decisions are made regarding the use and dissemination of data
→Principles such as justice, beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for autonomy are central to ethical deliberations
→Protecting vulnerable populations, preventing manipulation through advertising, and ensuring equitable information access across socioeconomic groups
→ ethical use of information, promoting fairness, equality, and respect for individual’s rights
Data governance
The overarching management of data integrity, quality, and security.
→Who is responsible for information? how it is stored? who can access it? how it is shared?
→ Effective data governance systems enhance organizational efficiency, support compliance, and ensure that data serves both strategic and public interests
Compliance and Legal Framework
Information policies align with applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards.
→Food safety regulations, consumer rights legislation, and digital governance mandates
→Harmonization across jurisdictions essential for multinational food corporations and cross-border data flows
3 . Con sume r ´ s Pro t e c t i o n
Nutritional behaviour and consumer policy
Consumer Policy
Nutritional Behaviour
Consumer´s rights
(Adopted and explained in 1985 in the UN)
The right to safety
The right to be informed
The right to choose
Consumer Policy models
4. What does it mean for us?
• To be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or to life
Developing a new product:
_nutrition/labelling_legislation_en/food_la
belling_information_system/start/results
• To be protected against fraudulent,deceitful, or grossly misleading
• To be given the facts needed to make an informed choice
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 → food information on packages
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006→ Health claim legislation
Who controls?
(Competent body)
• To assured access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices
• Consumer autonomy (Consumer soveranity)
→ „Freedom to choose“ and „Agency to choose“
Discussion from Vugt et al
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 → food information on packages
10 min
5. Implications for Communication in the Food Sector
Sandra Braman, Defining Information Policy, January 2011, Journal of Information Policy 1(1):1-5, DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.1
5.1 Consumer Autonomy and Sovereignty
5.2 Challenges and Opportunities
5.3 The Role of Stakeholders
Sandra Braman, Defining Information Policy, January 2011, Journal of Information Policy 1(1):1-5, DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.1
Vugt et al. (2010)
5.1 Consumer Autonomy and Sovereignty
Modern information policies aim to foster consumer autonomy—understood as the ability to make decisions free from coercion and with adequate information.
Autonomy is closely tied to the concept of consumer sovereignty, wherein individuals exercise choice based on preferences and knowledge ( Vugt et al. (2010)) elaborate on autonomy within the context of behavioral economics, illustrating how transparent, reliable, and personalized information enhances decision-making.
This is particularly significant in health-related food choices, ethical consumption, and responses to sustainability labels.
5.2 Challenges and Opportunities
The implementation of effective information policy in the food sector is met with numerous challenges, including fragmented regulations, inconsistent data quality, and resistance to transparency.
Misinformation, especially through social media and unregulated platforms, undermines consumer trust and distorts market dynamics.
There are significant opportunities to address these issues through digital transformation. Tools such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and AI-based analytics can support traceability, fraud detection, and personalized nutrition advice
5.3 The Role of Stakeholders
Policymakers, businesses, researchers, and civil society organizations all have vital roles in shaping and implementing effective information policy.
• Policymakers must ensure regulatory clarity and enforceability.
• Industry actors must prioritize ethical data practices and invest in consumer education.
• Researchers contribute evidence-based insights that inform policy design and evaluation.
• Consumers and advocacy groups serve as watchdogs and co-creators of information ecosystems.
6. Wrap up
• Information Policy:
– Set of guidelines, regulations, and laws to ensure that information is handled securely, accurately, and in compliance with applicable laws and standards.
• Consumer´s rights
→ Right to safety
→ Right to be informed
→ Right to choose
Thank you very much
Source used
Need anything else (e.g., plain Markdown without the citation markers, a .docx, or corrected link wrapping/typos)?
So, hello everyone, how are you doing? Sorry for this small complication. I really was hoping to be here with you because this is a pretty also dynamic class, but we do what we can. You can have fun with the Deutschland, you just have to accept it.
But I'm here now and we will talk a little bit about our class. Again, if you have any questions, please send them to me via email. Sometimes I may take a little bit to reply just because I'm with other things, but just text me and we'll see whatever you need, if I can fix it.
Introduction
All right, so let's get this started. Today we will talk about information policy. We will discuss a little bit what it is and the relevance in communication in the food sector, and hopefully you will enjoy the class.
Definition and Agenda
So, to begin with, today we will talk a little bit about definition. We will see which are the main components. We will talk about consumers protection policy and why it's important and relevant for us.
Implications for Communication
We will talk about what it means for us, the implications for communication in the food sector, and then we will do a quick wrap up. , all right. So, to begin with, what do you guys see here, basically? Well, that was the idea for the dynamic class, but many of you can see probably a trench and you see like this could be a war.
We see people lying on the floor. So, this was, I would ask if you remember the time of this war, and it is a typical picture for the trenches war, first world war from 1914 to 1918. So, and then these things come up and I obviously wanted to ask you, why do you think it's relevant or what are those things? And these things are probably some of you will say it's propaganda, it's advertisements, it's flyers that were shared around during the war.
Well, why is this relevant for us today? Well, it's very relevant because the earliest use of the phrase information policy by government was actually referring to propaganda efforts during the world war one. It was an intention to, it was a policy set to give information out in the way of propaganda. So, during the 1970s and 1980s, national governments around the world played around with the notion of developing national information policies, like to create frameworks and stuff.
It was not really, they didn't pay too much attention because they thought it was something called a low policy. , it did some small policies, but it was considered to be a bit insignificant. But then, as the time went on, the concept started to have much more protagonism and the concept of national information policy became possible only because political leaders around the world came and recognized it and said that actually was a high policy and they couldn't oversee the importance of setting laws and regulations that would affect information that was handed out to the population, right? So, what does it mean in general and why is it relevant for us? So, the definition today, when we talk about information policy, we talk about, well, the clear definition is that it is a set of laws, regulations and doctrinal positions and our decision-making and our practice in social data that involve information creation, processing flows and access and use.
So, basically, we could say that it's a bag full of cats. In Spanish, it's the same, when you have a big bag or when you have many things that may be similar, maybe not so similar, you call it a bag full of cats. So, we don't really know what's in there.
But, in general, we could say that the main objective of information policy is to set, it's a set of guidelines, regulations and laws that determine how information can be stored, provided and used. Basically, what we see here is that we want to ensure that the information is handled securely, we are preserving privacy of people, we are not, , we're just tackling everything with the best ethicality, let's say, and we will see now. So, in the context of the food sector, information policy involves not only the legal compliance, but also the ethical and data practices, consumer transparency, equitable access to information, and also the dynamics of controller governance around information in general.
So, again, we are in the course of communication in the food sector. What is going to be communicated? What are we going to be taking out to the world? What's going to be coming in from consumers to consumers? How do we deal with this data? So, let's dig in. I would like you, just for fun and to give you kind of an exercise for you to think, do you remember the first triangle I showed you? The three sectors, as , we have here the businesses or the government and the public policies they develop, and the consumer.
Six Main Components
How would you imagine that information policy has an effect? Where do you think it has a larger effect, lower effect, and so on? So, now digging in. There are six main components that I'm taking and I'm showing you today, and the first one is privacy. Privacy and security.
Access and Transparency
Information policy also has a component of access and transparency. Intellectual property rights, compliance and legal framework, ethical considerations, data and governance. So, let's cut it down to two.
Privacy and Security
What about the first three? So, when we talk about privacy and security, we talk about the, this is pretty intuitive for you guys, it's the laws, like the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe, that generates, generate outlines, measure outlines to prevent unauthorized access to data breaches. So, companies must establish rigorous protocols to make sure that privacy is very well secured. They have to do audits to make sure that the engine is working correctly.
Again, the main thing from this component is to safeguard the personal sensitive data. . So, for example, if we, whichever research I do, obviously I had to go through an ethical approval, but what in the ethical approval, I also had to state, which is going to, how am I going to deal with the data? Where is going to, where's the data going to go? Where, how much am I going to store it? For how long? So, it's very rigorous.
. So, then when we talk about access and transparency, well, we want to see how information is made available to the public and to, the objective of this is to foster trust and access and, sorry, accountability. Why? Well, because we want to make sure to know, we want to know what's happening.
We were talking a little bit about the corporate responsibility directives that we will discuss in two weeks or not in one week. And here we want to know, we want to know what's happening within each business. We want to see how our companies reporting or not reporting the sustainability advancements.
How are they dealing with their objectives to the CO2 net zero? I'm not from that area, but, so we, it mandates them. . So, it really makes sure that we will have, , relevant, accurate and timely information.
And this can range from nutritional content to environmental impact. So, again, the corporate response, sustainable corporate responsibility directives are going to be more on the environmental. And then when we talk about health claims and nutritional claims, we're going to be talking more about the nutritional responsibility that companies have to have.
So, these are transparency mechanisms that can include labeling, public reporting systems, certification programs, and traceability technologies. We want to make sure that data is open and access to some extent, obviously, but this can empower consumers and enable researchers to analyze food data. So, there's a lot of privacy in internally, but we want to try to be transparent and to have some kind of looking glass to see how things are happening and what's been done.
Intellectual Property Rights
But at the same time, we also have intellectual property rights. So, basically, IPR defines ownership of information, data, or creative works. It outlines how intellectual property is protected and ensures that creators' rights are respected.
. So, in the food sector, this typically encompasses trademarks, patents for agriculture, biotechnology, branding strategies, copyrights on product design, communication tools. I don't know if , but there's a big problem with copyright with this called Dubai chocolate.
I don't know if about it, but there's this chocolate that was developed by a couple in Dubai and this chocolate was, I think it's milk chocolate and inside it has a mixture of a pastry with pistachios, something very typical from there. And they are now saying or claiming out in the media that it's very hard for them to, it's very frustrating because a lot of people are imitating their product, calling it Dubai chocolate, when it's actually their own making, but they're having a problem with their own creation, their, , their originality is being copied without any consequences. So basically, again, the IPR ensure that the creators and the companies can protect their own innovation while balancing this with public access of knowledge.
So it has to balance with the previous one, but at the same time, the creators have to have some kind of, have to be able to protect their own data. There's still an ethical debate around the monopolization of, for example, genetic resources and traditional knowledge, especially in low and middle income countries. But overall, this is general guidelines that it's important for you to know.
. All right. Let's go to the other three.
Compliance and Legal Framework
So when we talk about compliance and legal framework, we talk about basically that information policies align with applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards from each country and each world group or its regional group or worldwide. So we talk about food safety regulations, which we will discuss on the 28th, consumer rights legislation and digital government governance mandates. Here, we talk about something that's going to be very important for the directives.
We talk about harmonization across jurisdictions, and we talked that this is essential for multidimensional food corporation. . So it's very important that we have harmonized data so we can measure, again, with settings here, we can measure everything with a similar bar, at least things can be comparable when we measure it.
Ethical Considerations
. So organizations must implement compliance monitoring systems and train personnel on the relevant laws that are going to be affecting their business so that there is mitigation of possible risks. Then when we go to ethical considerations, oops, well, we skipped it, but let's go to ethical first.
We talk about how decisions are made regarding the use and dissemination of data. I don't know if any of you have already gone through the course of ethicality here, but basically, when we talk about ethics, we talk about what's the best kind of way of acting. I mean, from an ethical perspective, there's something very, very brief, I would say, I don't think about it here, but it's, there's two main principles in ethics, in the specific kind of ethic.
It's called the personalistic, principalistic, sorry. And what it says is, we have to fulfill the value of justice, beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect. , so these are the four principles.
How do we bring them now into information policy? Well, ah, there it is. Well, we want to protect vulnerable populations, prevent manipulation through advertisement, for example, and ensure that there's equitable information across all socio-economical groups. We want to make sure that information is used properly.
Data Governance
And again, this came out, this information policy started, was born during the end of the First World War, or during the First World War. So again, what is going to happen with the information we give to people? How is this information going to affect their lives? We had to really consider what's going to be the consequences of this. And finally, when we talk about the last component of information policies, we talk about data governance.
And this is also pretty intuitive, I think, for many of you. We talk about, it's, it's a pretty broad concept that overarches the management of data integrity, quality, and security. We talk about who's going to be responsible of this information, who can access it, how it's shared.
So the governance of this information is collected. We want to think about, , effective data governance systems will actually enhance organization's efficiency, support compliance, and ensure that data serves both strategic and for public interest. So we really want to make sure that we know where this, , what's really happening with this data, and who's taking charge of making sure that all these components are fulfilled.
All right, so let's continue. If you need to stop on the way, go back, please do. It's a video, and you have the PowerPoint, so you can still go around.
Consumer Protection
So we were talking in the beginning that information policies is a big bag of, full of cats, as we say in Spanish. So now we're going to look at one of those cats, this beautiful brown one. Consumers Protection.
And when was this, what are we going to talk about consumers protection? Well, we will talk a little bit about the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. Why is it valuable for us? Because we're going to be dealing with consumers, and we're aiming many of our strategies to consumers, right? At least that's what we, what I got from the first class from you. So in 1985, the United Nations Assembly adopted eight basic consumers' rights.
This included the original four consumer rights signed into law by JFK, plus four additional rights intended to strengthen consumers' protection worldwide. We will now look at three, I'm going to mention four sections, but we're going to talk about three mainly. .
Right to Safety
Okay. So we will talk about the right to safety, to food safety. We will talk about the right to be informed, about the right to choose.
And we will not really talk about it completely, but inside this large initiative, there were several consumer policy models. Mainly, we have the nutritional behavioural consumer policy directly. If you want to talk about behavioural nutrition in general, we will discuss it a bit more.
We've already started quite a bit. But if you want to talk about consumer policy itself, we will not touch upon this course.
Right to Choose
There you see there's a door and a little arrow that says go somewhere else to the front. But we will talk about the right to reform, the right to choose and the right to safety. So the main objective of this 1985 Consumer Protection Guideline from the United Nations was to protect consumers.
As we said, the right to safety is to protect them against hazardous products that may threaten their life or may put them in danger, consumer status. They are also intended to protect the consumer from deceiving, misleading or manipulative advice, advertising practices. And here I want to ask you, so if we've been since 1985 following the guidance, now we say we want to protect consumers from deceiving and misleading information.
Are we actually doing a good job? Are we not exposed at all to misleading information and deceiving information? Just for you to think about it. They wanted to make sure that there's accurate, understandable and evidence-based information. Again, do we always have access to accurate evidence-based information? How sure are we that when we read that Actimel improves, boosts your immunity that it's actual scientific information? Really? That the lactobacillus from the Actimel boosts your immune system? Is it really? I don't know how scientifically based that is.
We want to make sure that there is availability for a diverse range of good services and that there's fair competition. So basically, the Skylands underscore the role of governments, industry and civil society in creating actually information environments that would be dynamic but would overall protect also consumers and prioritise consumers' well-being. So I really want you to think about this was an ideal scenario in 1985.
How are we doing now? Are we always seeking consumers' well-being or not so much? Sometimes and sometimes not really. What does it specifically mean for us? I'm going a little bit faster because it's different to having you in class, but what does it mean for us? Well, if we talk about the right to safety, we will discuss a little bit in the class for health and nutritional claims, but not so much. Basically, again, we said to be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or to life.
This is from a communication perspective, but in general, the right to safety is to be protected against hazardous or unhealthy products. So this is clear. Right for safety.
EFSA Application Process
This should be enough. But who is in charge of this right to safety? Well, here I bring you our beloved EFSA. I don't know if any of you have heard about them, but it's the European Food and Safety Authority, and here we have an example of what EFSA does, for example.
I want to bring into the market my new, most amazing bio-vegan, no genetically modified organisms chocolate. I really want to bring it in. But another thing, let's say smoothie.
It's a perfect smoothie. It has been done with organic products. There's no nothing.
The seeds from the plants, trees and vegetables, none of them were from Monsanto. Let's say if I have something against them, everything was perfect. Fair trade.
Perfect. And I want to do all these games and I want to bring it to the market. I have it.
I've measured and I think it's good enough. So I want to bring it to the European market or the European supermarket. Can I do it? Can I just directly put my own product into the market? No.
I have to go through the EFSA screening. Basically, we see that there is mainly one, two, three, four steps for the EFSA application. And basically, as you can see here, what is what's painted in grey, it's what the applicant does.
What's painted in blue, it's what the European Commission does. And what's painted in orange is what EFSA itself does. So we have a pre-submission phase, a submission phase, a risk assessment phase and a post-adoption phase.
I bring my smoothie and I say, OK, I have my smoothie and I will tell you that I want to bring a smoothie and I'm sure that it's very healthy. I've seen enough studies around this because I've seen someone else doing it and I'm telling you it's healthy. So I will submit my application for this product.
So once I submit my application for the product, the European Commission mandate that EFSA makes an application available. So they are the ones mandating that we get it reviewed by EFSA. They will do their reviewing.
Here it says it takes 30 working days and then we see if the application is suitable. Then it has to go back to EC and then after the EC says, OK, yes, we think that it's good. So it can pass to be published as an approved and then it will be adopted or not.
And we need to get more information because what we provided was not enough. So it's going to take approximately nine months or more to have our application reviewed. More data will be gathered.
And here we can even have like a lot of lab work to, for example, in the case I was proposing a good product that's of massive consumption, can also be small things like this new alternative protein, this new micronutrient supplement, this new probiotic algae that is ingestible. So they have to go through check and if EFSA decides that it needs to still be surveilled, it will go through a loophole of being reviewed, re-reviewed. So it's interesting for you guys, EFSA usually also has a lot of traineeships.
It's very interesting to work there. I know some people that have worked there and doing their internships. You learn a lot.
So what else? Well, this is another example I bring to you. It's a little bit more, , it's a little bit more detail. I think this one was about novelty foods, but you have it.
It is shown similarly. Here we see if the application is enough. , well, you can follow it.
I think it's for novelty food. Standing committee on plant and you also have to show that it's, again, not hazardous and they can decide, okay, it still needs to be surveilled and has to be through a trial in this type of organisms and blah, blah, blah, because we need to make sure that it's safe. .
All right. There is, if you have a product and you want to develop a new product, here you have the link. It's all information.
You can go and have fun and do a little bit more research on what EFSA does. I think, I hope this is going. All right, good.
Right to Be Informed
This is going well. So now we talk about the right to be informed. It's more something that is very close to us.
The other one too, but not so. And basically we have the right to be protected about fraudulent, deceitful or misleading claims. The other one was the right to safety, to be safe and preserve health-wise.
And this one is the right to actually be told the truth. We want to be protected against information, advertisement, labelling, and other practices. Anything that can be giving information to the consumer goes into, will be checked under or with the glasses of having the right to be informed.
Yep. Okay. I hope this is not too overwhelming so far.
All right. Who's going to pay attention to that? Well, we will. .
The one that will be mostly the regulations of the European Commission Commission number 19, 24, 2006. This is a regulation on the health claim legislation that we will discuss. And then we have the legislation on food information packages.
And this is also what these two are going to be the things we will discuss on the 28th. Again, the right to be informed will be what we talk about. Who's going to be the competent body controlling the BEC? Basically, the European Consumer Organization.
They still interact. There is information shared, but this is the one that is mostly in charge of that. And lastly, the right to choose.
We talk about the right to choose. Again, we talk about assure access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices, meaning I want to be able to... It doesn't make sense if I'm always going to the supermarket from my neighborhood and I never get the possibility to choose something that may be healthier, for example, because for me, they're always putting in my neighborhood unhealthy products. So I will consequently have an unhealthy tough diet, for example.
But we want to, again, preserve consumers' autonomy. We want to give them all the options. We want to make sure that they have all the products and that they can choose freedom of choice or agency.
We talked about agency. This initiative was established so long ago. Consumer protection laws were established so long ago, and they really were trying to tackle the preserving agency, freedom, autonomy of consumers.
All right. So food labeling. Why do I put it like this? Because we've discussed it.
Food labeling is supposed to help us choose. Does it always? Or is it sometimes a bit misleading? Okay. What happens when I see a ham that says... Is it a ham? .
A ham that says beef-friendly or beef-friendly. What is that? Is it beef made out of bees? No. What they mean probably is that this ham, the company has one acre of flowers to make sure that they can put on their piece of meat that they are bee-friendly or that they want to preserve biodiversity.
. So food labels. We have the right to choose, but they should be clear, not misleading.
It has to be enough, but not too much. All right. .
Food labeling. I love it. If you want to look at food labeling, you can go into this one, Regulation No.
1169, 2011, and for information on packages. These are also some things that you can consider for your presentation. Right.
We're almost done here. You would have had a 10-minute break. We will not do that, and we will continue.
So what are the implications for communication in the food sector? So information policy on our food sector. Well, basically we have that we want to protect consumer autonomy and sovereignty. We know that there's challenges and opportunities for communication itself, and we would want to also mention the role of stakeholders.
So this is almost the end. It's just a little bit of summing up. Again, we have a bag full of cats, so what do we take out of it? This presentation, as you've seen, has a lot of text, as always, with the other one, and bringing you quite some info, which I have already.
So when we talk about consumer autonomy and sovereignty, we talk about, , that modern information policies aim to foster consumer autonomy. But again, we really need to make sure that there is an autonomy being elaborated, or a concept of autonomy being elaborated in communication. It can be still very tricky.
So here we say, it says, autonomy is closely tied to a concept of consumer sovereignty, where individuals exercise choice based on their preferences and knowledge, elaborate on autonomy with the concept of behavioral economics illustration to transparent, reliable, and personalized information enhances decision-making. All right, so let's be honest. There are things, and then it says, this is particularly significant in health-related food choices, ethical consumption, and responsible sustainability.
Again, it sounds amazing, but how much can we really preserve consumer autonomy? How much has it been preserved before? So we do want to preserve it, but you have to also know that autonomy has always, has been also twisted around a little bit. If we now want to say, okay, I want to make sure that people know what is really the most unhealthy thing of their life, they will tell that, and I want to put a horrible picture and make them just reject it. They will say, but you are limiting consumer's autonomy.
But this product has been displayed a thousand times in checkouts, in everywhere, in events with kids. So the autonomy of the consumer was already before condition. Anyways, this is a bit of a discussion point, but in general, we want to preserve the autonomy and to make sure that there is, that's why information policy is so important, because we want to have transparent, reliable, personalized information to enhance decision-making.
But in general, it's a bit tricky, but for what concerns exams, this is basically why it's relevant for us in communication in the food sector. What about when we talk about the challenges and opportunities? So basically the challenges is what we were discussing. We have the risk of misinformation.
So information policy tries to make sure that misinformation doesn't exist, but there is so much information and so many platforms that this may be worsened. And the truth is that misinformation can undermine the consumer's trust and distort their market dynamic, because in the end, sometimes they do not know what to trust, what they've seen here or what they've seen there. So there are several ways of also tackling misinformation and making sure things are preserved, but we still have to have them in mind as difficulties.
And finally, when we talk about the role of stakeholders, well, what are stakeholders, first of all? But every type of every actor, it's from the producer to the consumer, from the policymaker to the industry owner to CEO, everyone that is involved is a stakeholder. And here a text specifically says that policymakers, business researchers and civil society have a vital role in shaping and implementing effective information policy. So basically the policymakers have to ensure the regulatory clarity, industry actors must prioritize ethical data, research have to contribute to evidence-based, and then we have to advocate to be kind of the, not persecuted, but oversee what's happening in the ground and also report that because we are actors, we have a lot of power as consumers and ourselves.
We always talk about the importance of collaborative governance participation platforms, and it is very important, but just so , it is also very realistic, but still key. All right, now reaching the end, I said the wrap-up will be basically that you need to know the definition of information policy, set of guidelines, regulations, laws that try to ensure that information is handled securely, accurately, and in compliance with applicable laws and standards. Consumers' rights, when we talked about it, please remember the three main rights, right to safety, right to be informed, and right to choose, and the main authorities that regulate that.
End
, okay, right, thank you very much, and , hopefully you're all okay. See, then I will stop sharing, and I hope you have a good day, and see you on Thursday. Please watch the presentations.
Bye-bye.
Want to print your doc?
This is not the way.
This is not the way.
Try clicking the ⋯ next to your doc name or using a keyboard shortcut (
CtrlP
) instead.