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Diffusion

States of Matter

There are 3 main types of states of matter: Solid, liquid and gas

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What Makes Up A Matter?

Matter is made up of tiny particles called atom and molecules

Everything surrounding us is made out of atom

Atom is the smallest unit of matter

Atoms are too small to see without special equipment

Atoms

Some materials are made up of single atoms that are all the same type.

Gold is made up of atoms of gold, which have the chemical symbol of Au

No matter how much you break down a piece of pure gold, you will only find one atom of Au

Molecules

Some materials are made up of chemically bonded atoms called molecules. The type of atoms in a molecule can be the same or different

If you break apart a molecule, the separate atoms do not act like the same material. one molecule of water is made of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. At room temperature, hydrogen and oxygen are gasses, but water is a liquid

→ Molecules are made up of atom

Shape and Volume of Solids:

Solid:

Solids have a definite shape.

Solids are very rigid and do not allow for much change.

Solids have a definite volume.

Solids take up a fixed amount of space.

If you break a solid into pieces, all its pieces combined will still take up the same amount of space.

They will be in a fixed shape and volume if it is a solid form. It can also change depending on the energy put into it.

Liquid:

Shape and Volume of Liquids:

Liquids have no definite shape.

Liquids take the shape of the container they are placed in.

Liquids have a definite volume.

Liquids take up a fixed amount of space in the container.

If the same amount of liquid is placed in a differently shaped container, its shape will change but not its volume.

They don’t have a definite shape, but a definite volume. Means that if you pour 30ml into a cup, it will still be 30ml but changed shape depending on the container.

Gases:

Shape and Volume of Gases

Gases have no definite shape

Gases take the shape of their container

Gases have no definite volume

Gases fill the entire space available in the container

They don’t have a fixed shape or volume, instead, it fills the space it is in.

But if you make a room full of gas smaller, the gas volume won’t change, it’s just compressed together (change in shape). But if the room is too compressed, it causes pressure.

Collision of gas in a wall of container cause pressure.

Like a balloon full of gas, it have pressure because the gas are constantly colliding into the wall.

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In this 3 box, the left sided one is having the most pressure.

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When the gas are colliding, the container might break as there is too much pressure.

So in summary, that means:

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Structure of Matter

Solid

strong molecular forces

fixed position

packed closely

Liquid

weaker molecular forces

close but far enough apart to slide past one another

Gas

very weak molecular forces

wants to move away from each other - diffusions

can move i n all direction

Four ways to compare states of matters:

Shape - the fixed physical form

Volume - how much space it takes

Structure - the arrangement of atoms and molecule

Kinetic Energy - how quickly atoms or molecules move.

Changes In State Of Matter

When the temperature of a substance increase, the amount of kinetic energy also increase, and then changes into state occurs.

Example:

We have ice, which is solid, then we add heat. Then it melts into liquid. Then the liquid evaporate, which is when heat is added and the atoms become more free → gas. Then from gas to solid, we have deposition.

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