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Lecture: Introduction to R Programming and Its Application in Understanding Word Embeddings

Learning outcome/purpose

It is on the Course Outline!

Why I am excited about R: it provides a short reward loop cycle for learning the math and data structures of AI.

I. Introduction:

A. What is R?

R is a powerful language and environment for statistical computing and graphics.

It provides a wide array of statistical and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible.

It’s a popular tool among data analysts and researchers for data analysis, statistical modeling, and data visualization.

B. Relevance to Word Embeddings:

Word embeddings involve mathematical representations, and R is adept for handling such computations.

R offers various libraries and tools for working with word embeddings, making it easier to explore, visualize, and understand them.

II. Why Use R for Studying Word Embeddings?

A. Comprehensive Libraries:

Libraries like textTinyR provide functions for creating and manipulating word embeddings.

B. Robust Visualization Tools:

R’s excellent visualization capabilities assist in analyzing and interpreting the properties of word embeddings.

C. Advanced Statistical Computation:

Harness R’s statistical capabilities to analyze and understand the mathematical constructs of word embeddings.

III. Examples:

Example 1: Creating Word Embeddings

Use the textTinyR package to create word embeddings.

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# Install the package

install.packages("textTinyR")

# Load the package

library(textTinyR)

# Example sentences

sentences <- c("I love machine learning", "Word embeddings are fascinating")

# Create word embeddings

embeddings <- WORD2VEC(sentences = sentences, method = 'skipgram')

Example 2: Analyzing Word Embeddings

Employ R’s statistical functions to analyze the word embeddings.

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# Calculate the cosine similarity between two word vectors

similarity <- COS_TEXT(embeddings$vectors[1, ], embeddings$vectors[2, ])

Example 3: Visualizing Word Embeddings

Utilize R’s visualization tools to visualize the word embeddings.

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# Load necessary library

library(ggplot2)

# Create a data frame for word embeddings

df <- data.frame(embeddings$vectors)

# Plot the word embeddings

ggplot(df, aes(x = V1, y = V2)) +

geom_point() +

theme_minimal()

IV. Conclusion:

By using R to create, analyze, and visualize word embeddings, we enhance our understanding of the mathematical constructions underlying them. R's capabilities not only allow us to perform these tasks efficiently but also provide insights into the relationships and properties of words in a multi-dimensional space. The hands-on experience with R and word embeddings prepares us for advanced studies and applications in the field of Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning.

Setting Up R and Getting Started

I. Introduction:

In this lecture, we will walk through the steps of setting up the R environment and getting it ready for use. The goal is to ensure everyone has the necessary tools and knowledge to start working with R and explore its application to word embeddings, as discussed in the previous lecture.

II. Objectives:

Understand how to install R and RStudio.

Learn to install and load R packages.

Understand the basic structure and syntax of R.

III. Installation of R:

A. Installing R:

Go to the CRAN website:

Visit

CRAN R-project website⁠

and download the appropriate version of R for your operating system (Windows/Mac/Linux).

Installation Process:

Run the downloaded file and follow the installation prompts.

B. Installing RStudio (Optional but Recommended):

Go to the RStudio website:

Visit

RStudio's website⁠

and download the RStudio Desktop (Open Source License).

Installation Process:

Run the downloaded file and follow the installation prompts.

IV. Setting Up the R Environment:

A. Launch R/RStudio:

Open R or RStudio on your computer.

B. Installing Packages:

Install a Package:

Use the install.packages("packageName") function to install a package. For example:

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install.packages("textTinyR") install.packages("ggplot2")

Load a Package:

Use the library(packageName) function to load a package. For example:

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library(textTinyR) library(ggplot2)

V. Getting Familiar with R Syntax:

A. Basic Operations:

Perform basic arithmetic operations and assign values to variables.

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x <- 5 + 3 # Assigns the value 8 to x

B. Functions:

Understand the usage of functions.

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print(x) # Outputs the value of x

C. Working with Vectors and Data Frames:

Create and manipulate vectors and data frames.

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v <- c(1, 2, 3) # Creates a vector v with values 1, 2, and 3

VI. Hands-On Example:

Let’s create word embeddings using the textTinyR package as we learned in the previous lecture.

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# Load the package

library(textTinyR)

# Example sentences

sentences <- c("I love machine learning", "Word embeddings are fascinating")

# Create word embeddings

embeddings <- WORD2VEC(sentences = sentences, method = 'skipgram')

VII. Conclusion:

Congratulations on setting up your R environment! You're now ready to embark on your journey to explore and understand word embeddings and other fascinating areas of data science and machine learning. Remember, the more you practice, the more you'll learn and discover about the capabilities of R. Happy coding!

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