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Day 01: Introduction to Java - Control Structures and Handling Data

Hour 1: Introduction and Conditional Statements

Learning Outcomes:

Understand the basic structure of a Java program.
Learn about conditional statements (if, else, and else-if).
Activities and Exercises:
Activity: Brief introduction to Java, its history, and its applications (10 minutes).
Exercise: Install and set up the Java Development Kit (JDK) and an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) (10 minutes).

Understanding the Concepts of Classes, Objects, and Object-Oriented Programming in Java

I. Introduction
Brief overview of Java
1. High-level programming language
2. Platform-independent
3. Widely used for web applications, Android apps, and more

II. Basics of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A. Definition of OOP
1. Programming paradigm focused on organizing code into reusable units
2. Emphasizes abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

B. Advantages of OOP

1. Improved code organization
2. Easier maintenance and modification
3. Reusability of code
III. Classes
A. Definition of a class
1. A blueprint for creating objects
2. Defines attributes (data) and methods (functions)
B. Creating a class in Java
1. Class declaration
public class MyClass { }
2. Attributes
public class MyClass {
int attribute1;
String attribute2; }
3. Methods
public class MyClass
{ void myMethod() {
// Method logic here } }

IV. Objects

A. Definition of an object
1. An instance of a class
2. Contains specific values for attributes and methods
B. Creating an object in Java
1. Instantiation
MyClass obj = new MyClass();
2. Accessing attributes and methods
obj.attribute1 = 10; obj.myMethod();

V. Pillars of OOP in Java

A. Abstraction

1. Simplification of complex systems
2. Use of interfaces and abstract classes

B. Encapsulation

1. Hiding data and methods from external access
2. Use of private, protected, and public access modifiers

C. Inheritance

1. Creating new classes from existing ones
2. Reuse of code and methods
D. Polymorphism
1. Allowing methods to have multiple implementations
2. Use of method overriding and interfaces

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of key concepts
1. Classes, objects, and OOP
2. Advantages of OOP
B. Importance of learning Java and OOP
1. Versatility and popularity of Java
2. Foundation for future programming skills

Activity: Write a simple "Hello, World!" program in Java and explain the basic structure (10 minutes).


public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
Activity: Introduce conditional statements (if, else, and else-if) with examples (20 minutes).

int age = 18;

if (age >= 18) {
System.out.println("You are an adult.");
} else {
System.out.println("You are not an adult.");
}
Exercise: Students create programs that use conditional statements to solve simple problems (10 minutes).

Hour 2: Loops

Learning Outcomes:
Understand the different types of loops in Java (for, while, and do-while).
Be able to create and use loops effectively in Java programs.
Activities and Exercises:
Activity: Introduce the concept of loops, their use, and types of loops (15 minutes).
Exercise: Write a program using a for loop to print the numbers from 1 to 10 (10 minutes).

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
Exercise: Write a program using a while loop to print the even numbers from 1 to 20 (10 minutes).

int num = 1;

while (num <= 20) {
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(num);
}
num++;
}
Exercise: Write a program using a do-while loop to prompt the user for a password until they enter the correct one (15 minutes).

import java.util.Scanner;

public class PasswordCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String password;
String correctPassword = "abc123";

do {
System.out.print("Enter the password: ");
password = scanner.nextLine();
} while (!password.equals(correctPassword));

System.out.println("Access granted!");
}
}
Exercise: Students create programs that use different types of loops to solve problems (10 minutes).

Hour 3: Arrays and Array Handling

Learning Outcomes:
Understand what arrays are and how to declare and initialize them in Java.
Learn how to iterate through arrays using loops.
Be able to perform basic array operations (add, remove, search, etc.).
Activities and Exercises:

Activity: Introduce the concept of arrays, their use, and declaration and initialization in Java (15 minutes).

Exercise: Write a program that declares and initializes an array of integers and prints their sum (10 minutes).


public class ArraySum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int sum = 0;

for (int number : numbers) {
sum += number;
}

System.out.println("The sum of the array elements is: " + sum);
}
}

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