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Vocabulary for the week

​
OA
Olya Ananko

Humanity

responsiveness-as in sensitivity, sensibility
affinity-a habitual attraction to some activity or thing
empathy-the feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences and emotions
altruism-feelings and behavior that show a desire to help other people and a lack of selfishness
benevolence-an act of kind assistance
generosity-the quality or state of being generous
goodwill-kindly concern, interest, or support
humaneness-sympathetic concern for the well-being of others
philanthropy-a gift of money or its equivalent to a charity, humanitarian cause, or public institution

Drinking

black out- to become unconscious suddenly but for a short period
booze-a distilled beverage that can make a person drunk
hangover-a feeling of illness after drinking too much alcohol

Conspiracy Theory

apocalypse-an event bringing about the end of the world
appropriated-taken for themselves
brandishing-waving; flourishing
clandestine-secret
citing-giving evidence
countered-spoken against
elitist-believing that a select group is more important than others
explicitly in- a clear and obvious way
insinuated-hinted or implied
manipulate-control or influence
outlandish-unusual or bizarre
persistent-continuing, despite opposition; not giving up
proponent- someone who is in favor of something
scapegoated-
framed; unfairly blamed
speculation-having a theory about something without any evidence to back it up

Coffee

caffè macchiato- Sometimes called espresso macchiato, is an espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk added. In Italian, macchiato means stained or spotted so the literal translation of caffè macchiato is stained coffee, or coffee with a spot of milk.
cappuccino- cappuccino is an Italian coffee drink which is traditionally prepared with espresso, hot milk and steamed milk foam.
coffee beans- coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant. Once ripe, coffee beans are picked, processed, and dried.
black coffee- Black coffee, refers to coffee served as a drink without cream or milk added to it.
decaffeinated coffee- decaffeinated coffee is a coffee that has undergone a certain process to remove caffeine from coffee beans.
drip coffee- Also called filtered coffee. It is made by pouring water over roasted, ground coffee beans contained in a filter.
espresso- strong, dark coffee prepared by by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.
flat white- A flat white is a coffee beverage invented in around the 1970's-1980s in New Zealand and perhaps in Australia. It is prepared by pouring microfoam (steamed milk with small, fine bubbles and a glossy or velvety consistency) over a single or double shot of espresso.
instant coffee- Instant coffee is dried into soluble powder or freeze-dried into granules that can be quickly dissolved in hot water. Originally invented for the convenience of consumers who do not want to prepare their own coffee.
latte- A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk.
long black- A long black is made by pouring a double-shot of espresso over hot water.
mocha- This may refer either to a rich pungent Arabian coffee or to a coffee beverage flavored with milk, sugar, and cocoa.

Vegetarianism

vegan — this word was coined in 1944 by animal-rights activist Donald Watson. He founded the Vegan Society, and invented the word to describe the kind of vegetarian that avoids all animal products and byproducts. Still, not every vegan is the same. Some might eat honey, for example, while others might not. Again, it comes down to individual choice.
raw vegan — the intersection of veganism and raw foodism, which is a diet that involves eating mostly raw foods (or, at best, heated over low temperatures).
pescatarian — someone who avoids most animal products, but who will eat seafood. Historically, religion has been a big reason for the exception. Even today, the ban on eating meat in the Catholic Church during Lent doesn’t include fish.
fruitarian — as you can guess, fruitarianism is a diet mainly based on fruit, as well as other raw vegetables and nuts. Some fruitarians believe you should only eat foods that have naturally fallen from plants, while others are basically vegetarians that skew toward the fruit side of things.
ovo- and lacto- vegetarians — “lacto” and “ovo” are both words that let people know where you stand on dairy and eggs. Lacto vegetarians consume dairy, ovo vegetarians consume eggs, and lacto-ovo vegetarians eat both.
flexitarian — some people want to have a largely plant-based diet without ruling out ever eating meat or dairy products. They might claim the title “flexitarian” to let people know that while they mostly stick to fruits and vegetables, they’re flexible.
Veganuary — this is a portmanteau of “vegan” and “January.” Veganuary is a
UK nonprofit campaign
⁠
that was held for the first time in January 2014. The main event of the month is encouraging people to give up animal products for 31 days to show that veganism is an attainable lifestyle.

Manners

Choose your words wisely and don’t rush to comment about things you don’t know much about. Being a good listener is often better than speaking. You don’t need to have an opinion on everything.
Think things out before you speak, especially if you are a person who may be poor at finding the right words to say. Don’t start a sentence, with ‘ums’ and ‘ers’ in between, it seems awkward and you should try speaking to yourself in front of a mirror, it works! It increases your confident in speaking.
Don’t speak loudly. You will quickly lose respect if you do, as this can be seen as overbearing and rude. It can also make other people angry and upset with you before you even establish some kind of relationship with them. They will see you as a ‘big mouth’ who cannot be trusted with anything confidential. So practice turning your volume down if you tend to have a loud voice.
Speak with respect to and of others. You can do this by avoiding negative remarks that may insult someone else. The general rule is- if you don’t want someone to speak about you that way, you don’t speak about them to others.
Do not ever speak of bodily functions even if it is a casual conversation, such as using the bathroom or telling crude jokes, for this shows sign of immaturity and often creates a bad impression of you with your friends, family, and co-workers.
Always respect older people and listen to them and learn. This applies to all elders and not just parents and grandparents.
Using the terms ‘Thank You’, and ‘You are Welcome’ shows that you have good manners. People who lack manners do not use these terms.

Migration

Migration = is the movement of either people or animals from one area to another.
Immigration = is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there.
Emigration = is the act of leaving one's resident country with the intent to settle elsewhere.
Immigrant = a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
Immigrate = to enter a country for the purpose of living there.
Ethnic group = group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, such as language or religion.
Asylum = legal permission to live in a country granted in special cases to people fleeing danger or persecution in the homelands.
Refugee = a person who flees his or her native land to escape persecution or danger.
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