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3D printing

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To perform any type of 3D printing, appropriate training is required. The training is different for the two types of printers in the lab:

FDM -Fused Deposition Modeling

SLA - Stereolithography

Training requires reading the 3D prining risk assessment below (for SLA read the chemical hazard risk assessment), reading the relevan printer manual, completing the training procedure below, going through a full printing process with the supervisor of the trainer, obtaining workshop swipe car access, and filling in the following questionnaire once all these steps have been successfully completed.

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Training record

Training record

Trainee

Trainer

Date

Expiry

Competency level

Comment

Training type

Diar Karim

Massimiliano Di Luca

10/25/2023

10/24/2024

Train others

SLA

FDM

Massimiliano Di Luca

Diar Karim

10/25/2023

10/24/2024

Train others

SLA

FDM

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Training procedure

This procedure provides the framework for training on the safe operation of 3D printers, emphasizing hazard recognition and the implementation of control measures.

Applicable to all student and employees who operate or maintain 3D printing equipment.

Responsibilities

• PI: To ensure the procedures for training, information and risk assessment are implemented. • Trainers: To deliver the training according to the procedure. • Trainees: To attend the training and adhere to all safety protocols.

Training Procedure

1. Introduction • Overview of 3D printing technologies and applications. • Acquaintance with Lab rooms and equipments. • Details about 3D printers in use in the lab. 2. Recognizing Hazards • Reading of approved 3D printing Risk assessment. • Reading of chemical hazard risk assessment. • Review of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for substances used. 3. Control Measures • Instruction on safety measures and their importance, including enclosures, LEV, filters, cleaning products, curing systems. • Proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 4. Operational Protocols • Step-by-step process of operating each 3D printer. • Emergency procedures and first-aid measures.

• Procedure to report accidents, incidents, close calls. 5. Maintenance and Troubleshooting • Routine maintenance checks and schedules. • Common issues and troubleshooting methods. 6. Hands-on Training • Supervised operation of the 3D printer by trainees. • Demonstrations of proper cleaning and maintenance. 7. Assessment and Feedback • Verbal or written assessment of knowledge. • Practical demonstration of learned skills. • Collection of feedback to improve the training process.

Record Keeping

• All training sessions must be recorded, including duration, attendance, assessment results, and trainer notes. • Documentation should be stored for review during audits.

Certification

• Trainees who successfully complete the training can receive a certificate of completion upon request.

Review and Update

• The training procedure should be reviewed annually together with the risk assessment, following any significant changes to operations, equipment, or regulations, and following any incident.

here⁠

is the UoB printing Policy.

Chemical Hazard and Risk Assessment

template⁠

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reportablesubstancesform.docx

75.8 kB

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Riskassessment_3dprintmaterial.docx

100.3 kB

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Riskassessment_3dprintmaterial.docx

100.3 kB

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Anycubic_3D_printing - Nish.docx

1.7 MB

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Equipment3DPrinting_Wing_171217_v2b.docx

21 kB

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3Dprinting_Protocol_v1_30032020[79233].docx

25.6 kB

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health-and-safety-guidance-3d-printers-june2022.docx

409.7 kB

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3Dprinting_Protocol_v1_30032020_max.docx

545.9 kB

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AnycubicPhotonProtocol_NS.docx

647.3 kB

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3D Printing Hazards | Graphic Products.pdf

598.7 kB

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RISK-ASS-3D-printing.pdf

201.7 kB

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3D-printing-in-schools-and-colleges-managing-the-risks.pdf

477.7 kB

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SOPHS_print.docx

59.7 kB

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MDS-2.pdf

458.5 kB

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PIs need to notifying H&S before they buy any new 3D printing equipment as there are a few controls which will need to be in place before they can be used. The main issue is the emission of 3D printing particles which have been shown to be of the size range to potentially enter the airways and lungs and the release of vapours which are known to be hazardous to health. There’s not a whole lot of published research about it yet, but the stuff that has been published seems to suggest that the effects could be really serious, even when using the filaments that have been considered safer. Because of this, the Policy states that all 3D Printers should be enclosed or have local exhaust ventilation. Some printer models are already enclosed and have built in LEV, but some are completely open. The risk assessment prior to use of the printer should identify what level of LEV is needed.

SLA printing requires chemical training:

https://bham.sharepoint.com/sites/POD/SitePages/Chemical-and-Lab-Safety.aspx⁠

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Risk assessment draft

Risk assessment draft

Hazards Identified

Persons at Risk (Numbers)

ontrol Measures Already in Place (Details)

Grading of Risk with Control Measures in Place (Severity x Likelihood)

Are these Adequate YES/NO

What Further Action is Necessary to Control the Risk?

Grading of Risk After Further Action (Severity x Likelihood)

To be Completed by (date)

Responsible Person

General

Training procedure to be created and updated Training log to be created and kept updated Yearly inspection of the procedure Yearly inspection of the LEV Yearly electrical inspection

YES

None

Massimiliano Di Luca

Hot Extruder(FDM)

5 (Operators)

Protective casing around extruder installed at all times

Warning label indicating hot part

Printer to be operated in an enclosure

Printer to be operated away from other working stations

Training required before using equipment

YES

None

N/A

Facilities Manager

Moving Parts (FDM)

5 (Operators)

1. Label of moving parts 2. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 3. Printer to be operated away from other working stations 4. Training required before using equipment

Install emergency stop button

11/30/2023

Facilities Manager

Fume Emission (FDM)

10 (Operators, bystanders)

1. Adequate room ventilation 2. Printer to be operated in an enclosure. 3. Use of approved filaments only

YES

None

11/15/2023

Facilities Manager

Electrical Hazards

5 (Operators)

1. No water stored, used or consumed near the printer 2. Guarding of electrical components operating at 50 volts or higher 3. Yearly check of electrical components 4. Visual inspection for wear, tear, and electrical connection before each use 5. Training required before using equipment 6. Safety-certified electric outlets with grounding

YES

None

N/A

Facilities Manager

Possibility of Catching Fire(FDM)

15 (Operators, bystanders, facility staff)

1. Fire extinguisher near printer 2. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 3. Printer to be operated away from other working stations 4. Heat-resistant surface beneath printer 5. No combustible material stored or used near the printer 6. Training required before using equipment

YES

None

Facilities Manager

UV Exposure (SLA)

10 (Operators, bystanders)

1. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 2. Printer to be operated away from other working stations 3. UV screen inspection before use 4. Warning labels for UV light 5. Emergency button to turn off lamp outside of the enclosure 6. Training required before using equipment

3 (Medium)

Regular UV shield integrity checks

2 (Low)

11/10/2023

Facilities Manager

Toxic Vapour Inhalation (SLA)

15 (Operators, bystanders, facility staff)

1. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 2. Ventilation system to be active and kept working 3. Training required before using equipment

YES

None

Facilities Manager

Nanoparticle Emissions

15 (Operators, bystanders, facility staff)

1. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 2. Ventilation system to be active and kept working 3. Nanoparticle air filter 4. Training required before using equipment

Regular maintenance & filter replacement

11/20/2023

Facilities Manager

Skin or Respiratory Sensitizers

15 (Operators, bystanders, facility staff)

1. Printer to be operated in an enclosure 2. Ventilation system to be active and kept working 3. Use of approved filaments only 4. Use of gloves and masks 5. Training required before using equipment

YES

None

Facilities Manager

Hazards with Support Materials and Cleaning (SLA)

10 (Operators, bystanders)

1. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 2. Use of gloves and masks 3. Training required before using equipment

Yearly safety review

12/5/2023

Facilities Manager

Manual Handling

5 (Operators)

1. Use lifting equipment and trolleys to move printers 2. Dedicated and fixed location for printers 3. Training required before using equipment

Yearly training review

12/01/2023

Facilities Manager

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