Key Terms

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 05. Human Respiratory System

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Respiration: Breakdown of glucose to release energy and carbon dioxide.

Cellular respiration: The process of breakdown of glucose inside the cell to release energy.

Bronchi: The two branches of windpipe or trachea that enter the lungs.

Alveoli: Small air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles in lungs.

Inhalation: The process of breathing in fresh air.

Exhalation: The process of giving out used air from lungs.

Inflammation: A condition in which a body part becomes reddened, swollen and hot due to some infection or allergy.

Contagious: Infectious; spread through person to person.

Breathing: The process of taking in fresh air for getting oxygen and giving out used air rich in carbon dioxide.

Pharynx: The common passage for food and air.

Glottis: The opening of trachea in the pharynx.

Epiglottis: A muscular flap that closes the glottis while swallowing food to avoid entry of food into trachea.

Larynx: The upper part of trachea, also called the voice box or Adam’s apple, which is a sound-producing organ containing vocal cords.

Voice box: Another name for the larynx, the sound-producing organ which contains vocal cords.

Adam’s apple: Another name for the larynx.

Vocal cords: Structures within the larynx that produce sound by vibrations.

Trachea: The windpipe through which air from nasal passages reaches the lungs.

Diaphragm: A large muscular structure that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the abdominal cavity.

Breathing rate: The number of times a person breathes (one inhalation and one exhalation) in a minute.

External Respiration: The exchange of gases between air and blood in the alveoli of lungs.

Haemoglobin: The respiratory pigment in the RBCs (red blood cells) that combines with oxygen.

Oxyhaemoglobin: A temporary compound formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin.

Internal Respiration: The exchange of gases between blood and body cells.

Asthma: A lung disease in which airways get inflamed and produce extra mucus, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

Bronchitis: Inflammation or swelling of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs.

Pneumonia: A bacterial disease which causes an inflammation of lungs and affects alveoli.

Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious bacterial disease that affects lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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