Key Terms

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 06. Air And Atmosphere

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Wind: Moving air.

Atmosphere: A thin layer of air all around the earth that forms the earth’s atmosphere; the blanket of air that surrounds the earth.

Gravity: The force with which earth attracts everything towards itself.

Humidity: The amount of water vapour present in air.

Limewater: An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide.

Inhaled air: The air we breathe in, which is rich in oxygen.

Exhaled air: The air we breathe out, which is rich in carbon dioxide.

Inhalation: The taking in of air rich in oxygen.

Exhalation: The giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide.

Breathing: The process of inhalation and exhalation.

Respiration: A biochemical process that takes place in all living organisms, where oxygen reacts with glucose (digested food material) to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Burning (Combustion): A chemical change in which a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light.

Fuels: Substances that are burned to produce large amount of energy in the form of heat and light.

Charcoal: Wood that is heated in the absence of air.

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas): A cheap and pollution-free fuel that contains methane gas.

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas): A fuel obtained from petroleum, mainly used for cooking.

Ethyl mercaptan: A chemical added to LPG to give it a strong smell and help to detect its leakage if any.

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants make their own food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Nitrogen fixation: The process where atmospheric nitrogen combines with atmospheric oxygen and further with rainwater to form nitrates that reaches the soil.

Rusting: The process where iron objects kept in moist air for a few days get covered with a reddish-brown flaky substance.

Rust: Hydrated iron oxide, the reddish-brown flaky substance formed during rusting.

Air pollution: The contamination of air with unwanted substances that have harmful effects on both living and non-living things.

Air pollutants: Harmful and unwanted substances that contaminate the air.

Smog: A type of air pollution that reduces the visibility on roads and often results in road and train accidents.

Acid rain: Rain that results from harmful gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide reacting with water vapour and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

Greenhouse effect: The process where carbon dioxide present near the earth’s surface traps the heat of the Sun and prevents it from escaping, increasing the temperature of the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gas: Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapour that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Global warming: The increase in average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to an increase in greenhouse gases.

Ozone layer depletion: The process where chlorofluorocarbons react with ozone present in the atmosphere and cause a depletion of the ozone layer.

PUC (Pollution Under Control) certificate: A certificate that every vehicle in India should obtain.

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