Key Terms

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 04. Mixtures Separations Of Mixtures

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Pure Substance: A substance that contains the same kind of particles (atoms or molecules).

Impure Substance: A substance that contains two or more pure substances (elements or compounds or both) physically mixed in any proportion.

Mixture: Two or more pure substances mixed together in any proportion, that do not undergo any chemical change and retain their individual properties.

Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture in which its components are mixed uniformly in such a way that they cannot be seen separately.

Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture in which its components are not mixed uniformly and can be seen separately.

Emulsion: A mixture of two or more liquid components that are immiscible (cannot be mixed completely).

Separation: The process of segregating the components of a mixture to get a pure substance.

Hand-picking: The method of separating undesirable substances from a mixture by hand.

Winnowing: The method of separating heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind.

Sieving: The method of separating the components of a mixture that are of different sizes by using a sieve.

Sieve: A device made of a wire mesh or a plastic net, fitted into a frame, used for sieving.

Magnetic Separation: The method of separation of a magnetic component of a mixture from a non-magnetic substance.

Sublimation: The process during which a solid directly changes into its gaseous state on heating.

Deposition: The process during which a gas directly changes into its solid state on cooling.

Sedimentation: The settling down of heavier insoluble solid particles at the bottom of a liquid.

Sediment: The solid (heavy insoluble particles) that settles down at the bottom of the liquid after sedimentation.

Supernatant: The clear liquid above the sediment after sedimentation.

Decantation: The process of pouring out a clear liquid from a vessel (after sedimentation) without disturbing the sediment.

Loading: A process in which a chemical substance like alum is added to the mixture of solid and liquid to help the solid particles settle down faster.

Filtration: The process of separating insoluble solid particles from a solid-liquid mixture by passing it through a filter.

Residue (Filtration): The insoluble solid particles that remain on the filter after filtration.

Filtrate: The clean liquid that passes through the filter during filtration.

Evaporation: The process during which a liquid changes into its vapour on heating (below the boiling point).

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