Key Terms

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 02. Matter

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Material: A substance from which a thing is made.

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Big Bang: An explosion in the universe according to scientists, where huge amount of energy was produced and changed into tiny particles of matter.

Living Matter: Matter that grows, moves and reproduces on its own.

Non-living Matter: Matter that does not grow, move or reproduce on its own.

Natural Matter: Matter that is found in nature.

Human-made Matter: Matter that is made by humans.

Mass: The quantity (amount) of matter contained in a thing (object).

Volume: The space occupied by matter.

Atom: The smallest particle that exhibits all the properties of matter and does not have an independent existence.

Molecule: The smallest particle of matter that exhibits all the properties of matter and has an independent existence.

Kinetic Energy: Energy possessed by particles that causes them to be in continuous random motion.

Brownian Motion: The continuous zigzag motion of particles.

Interparticle Force of Attraction: The force of attraction that exists between particles (molecules) of matter.

Intermolecular Force of Attraction: The force of attraction that exists between particles (molecules) of matter.

Cohesive Force: The force of attraction between the same kind of particles.

Adhesive Force: The force of attraction between different kinds of particles.

Interparticle Space: The space between the particles (molecules) of matter.

Intermolecular Space: The space between the particles (molecules) of matter.

Solid State: A state of matter where the intermolecular space is negligible, the intermolecular force of attraction is very strong, and its molecules are not free to move.

Liquid State: A state of matter where the intermolecular force of attraction is weak, the intermolecular space is more in comparison to solids, and its molecules are free to move within a limited space.

Gaseous State: A state of matter where the intermolecular space is very large, the intermolecular force of attraction is negligible, and its molecules are free to move anywhere.

Plasma: An exotic state of matter present in the Sun and other stars that makes them glow.

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC): An exotic state of matter.

Fermionic Condensate: An exotic state of matter.

Rigid: Unbending or inflexible, a property of solids that allows them to retain their shape.

Diffusion: The phenomenon of intermixing of particles of a gas with another gas.

Fluids: Substances that can flow easily.

Interconversion of States of Matter: The process of change of matter from one state to another and back to its original state without any change in its chemical composition.

Melting (Fusion): The process during which a solid changes into its liquid state at a fixed temperature on heating.

Melting Point (Fusion Point): The fixed temperature at which a solid changes into its liquid state.

Boiling: The process during which a liquid changes into its gaseous state at a fixed temperature on heating.

Boiling Point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid changes into its vapour state.

Evaporation: The process during which a liquid changes into its vapour, at temperature below the boiling point.

Condensation: The process during which a gas changes into its liquid state at a fixed temperature on cooling.

Condensation Point: The fixed temperature at which the vapour changes into liquid state.

Freezing (Solidification): The process during which a liquid changes into its solid state at a fixed temperature (on cooling).

Freezing Point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid changes into its solid state.

Sublimation: The process by which a few substances change directly from solid to gas on heating, without passing through the liquid state.

Deposition: The process by which vapour changes directly into solid on cooling.

Sublimable Substances: Substances that undergo sublimation.

Chemical Change: A change in which a new substance is formed with properties entirely different from the original substance.

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