Key Terms

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Last edited 26 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 02. Physical Quantities And Measurement 1

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Physical Quantity: A quantity that can be measured.

Measurement: The comparison of an unknown quantity with a known fixed quantity of the same kind.

Unit: The known fixed quantity used in comparison during measurement.

SI Units: The International System of Units, a worldwide accepted standard system of measurement.

Metre (m): The SI unit to measure length.

Cubic metre (m³): The SI unit to measure volume.

Second: The SI unit to measure time.

Length: The distance between any two points or places.

Kilometre (km): A bigger unit of length, a multiple of the standard unit metre.

Centimetre (cm): A smaller unit of length, a submultiple of the standard unit metre.

Millimetre (mm): A smaller unit of length, a submultiple of the standard unit metre.

Ruler: A common instrument used to measure smaller lengths.

Metre Scale: A common instrument used to measure length, typically used by cloth merchants.

Measuring Tape: A common instrument used to measure length, typically used by tailors, carpenters, and building constructors.

Parallax Error: The error that occurs due to incorrect positioning of the eye while taking a measurement.

Mass: The quantity of matter contained in a body.

Weight: The force of gravity exerted on a body due to its mass.

Kilogram (kg): The standard unit of mass in the SI system.

Gram (g): A submultiple of the standard unit kilogram.

Milligram (mg): A submultiple of the standard unit gram.

Quintal (q): A multiple of kilogram, used to measure the mass of heavier bodies.

Metric ton (t): A multiple of kilogram, used to measure the mass of heavier bodies.

Beam Balance: An instrument used to measure mass, which balances an object against standard weights.

Electronic Balance: An instrument used to measure mass, which provides a direct digital display and is very accurate.

National Physical Laboratory (NPL): The institution in New Delhi responsible for maintaining national standards for basic units in India.

Food Adulteration: The act of adding adulterants to food to increase quantity, enhance appearance, color, flavor, and shelf life, which can cheat consumers and cause diseases.

Intentional Adulteration: Deliberately adding adulterants to increase profits.

Incidental Adulteration: Adulteration occurring due to ignorance, negligence, or inadequate facilities.

Metallic Adulteration: Adulteration occurring when metallic substances are added to food items accidentally or intentionally.

Food Security and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI): An autonomous body that sets and enforces regulations for food safety standards in India.

Area: The amount of space occupied by a flat surface.

Square metre (m²): The standard unit of area in the SI system, defined as the area of a square surface with sides of 1 metre length.

Graph Paper: A paper divided into equal-sized squares, used to determine the approximate area of regular shapes.

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