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05. Types Of Agriculture

Answers to textbook exercises

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Last edited 43 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 05. Types Of Agriculture

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EXERCISES

Skills, Remembering and Understanding

A. Choose the correct option.

Which of the following is not an agricultural activity?

(iv) Pottery making

Intensive farming does not involve which one of these?

(i) Large plot

Which of these statements is not true?

(iv) Rice is grown in plantation agriculture.

Shifting cultivation is practised in which Indian state?

(iii) Arunachal Pradesh

Which type of farming includes rearing of cattle, beekeeping, dairy and mushroom farming?

(iii) Mixed farming

Coffee is grown in which of these?

(iii) Plantation farming

Plantation farming is popular in which of these two Asian countries?

(i) Sri Lanka and Malaysia

Which of these happens to the fertility of land in shifting cultivation?

(ii) Decreases

Match the following.AB1. Subsistence farming(iv) Is practised by farmers who own small pieces of land.2. Intensive farming(i) Aims at high yield.3. Extensive farming(v) Uses heavy machinery.4. Shifting cultivation(ii) Is a primitive practice.5. Plantation farming(iii) Is done with cash crops.

C. Fill in the blanks.

Food grains are the most important products that come from agriculture.

Farmers who practise subsistence farming depend on the monsoon rains for water for the crops.

Intensive farming requires a lot of labour on a small piece of land.

In India, extensive farming is practised in the states of Punjab and Haryana.

Shifting cultivation is generally practised in forested areas.

D. State whether the following are true or false. Rewrite the false statements correctly.

Agriculture is not an important occupation in India anymore.

False. Agriculture remains an important occupation for most people around the world, and in India, more than 50% of people are employed in this sector.

Farmers who practise subsistence farming use modern methods of irrigation.

False. Farmers who practice subsistence farming depend on monsoon rains for water for the crops.

Intensive farming requires very little labour to work on the farm.

False. Intensive farming involves the use of skilled labour which adds to the cost of production.

Extensive farming is practised in countries like India, China and Japan.

False. Extensive farming is practised in countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia. Intensive farming is practised in China, Korea, and Japan.

Shifting agriculture is wasteful and harmful to forests and wildlife.

True.

E. Explain the differences between each of the following pairs.

Intensive and extensive farming

Intensive Farming: Practiced on small plots of land, aims for high yield per acre using high inputs (hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides), requires skilled labor, and is found in densely populated areas (e.g., Ganga Plain in India, China, Japan).

Extensive Farming: Practiced on very large plots of land, relies heavily on large machines due to low human labor, aims for large total production, and is found in sparsely populated areas (e.g., USA, Canada, Australia).

Shifting and commercial farming

Shifting Cultivation: A traditional, primitive practice where forest land is cleared and burned for cultivation for a few years until fertility declines, after which farmers move to new land. It is primarily for subsistence and is harmful to the environment.

Commercial Farming: A modern practice focused on large-scale production for sale and profit. It utilizes modern inputs like HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, advanced irrigation, and cold storage, with products marketed widely nationally and internationally.

Plantation and mixed farming

Plantation Farming: A type of commercial farming where a single cash crop (e.g., tea, coffee, rubber) is cultivated over a very large, dedicated area (plantation/estate). It requires huge capital investment, highly organized work, and significant managerial/technical support.

Mixed Farming: Involves both growing crops and rearing animals (e.g., cows, goats, poultry) on the same piece of farmland. It provides multiple income sources, utilizes natural animal manure for soil fertility, and is considered a sustainable farming practice.

F. Answer the following questions in brief.

Name any three types of agriculture practiced around the world.

Subsistence farming, Intensive farming, Extensive farming.

Why is intensive farming expensive?

Intensive farming is expensive because it requires costly hybrid or mixed breed seeds, significant quantities of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, investment in irrigation facilities, and the employment of skilled labor.

Name any three crops grown in extensive farming.

Wheat, maize, barley.

Why is shifting cultivation not productive in the long run?

Shifting cultivation is not productive in the long run because the soil fertility, boosted by ashes, rapidly decreases after a few years of cultivation, forcing farmers to abandon the land and move to new forest areas, thus not supporting long-term, continuous production in one location.

Mention any two features of commercial farming.

The main aim for this type of farming is to earn profit.

It involves the use of HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, modern irrigation techniques, and cold storage.

G. Answer the following questions.

Give three features of subsistence agriculture.

It is practiced by farmers who own small pieces of land.

They grow just enough crops (like rice or vegetables) to meet the needs of their families, leaving little or no surplus for sale.

They typically use organic or natural fertilizers such as cow dung, animal droppings, and dead and dried plants, and depend on monsoon rains for water.

Distinguish between intensive and extensive farming.

Intensive Farming:

Land Size: Practiced on small plots of land.

Inputs: Uses high inputs like hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides to maximize yield per unit area.

Labor: Requires significant skilled human labor.

Purpose: Aims for high productivity from a small area.

Distribution: Common in densely populated regions (e.g., Ganga Plain, China, Japan).

Extensive Farming:

Land Size: Practiced on very large plots of land (1000-2000 acres).

Inputs: Uses large machines (e.g., combine harvester) due to low human labor.

Labor: Relies less on human labor; mechanization is key.

Purpose: Aims for large total production from vast areas, rather than yield per acre.

Distribution: Common in sparsely populated regions with abundant land (e.g., USA, Canada, Australia).

What crops are grown by commercial farming? What are the methods that are employed?

Crops Grown: Commercial farming produces a wide range of products including cheeses, dairy produce, wines, mushrooms, honey, various fruits (e.g., oranges, apples, mangoes, grapes), and vegetables (e.g., beets, broccoli, carrots, cauliflowers, celery). In India, it includes fine quality rice, onions, coconuts, and spices like ginger and cinnamon.

Methods Employed: This type of farming makes use of modern methods and technologies such as HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, modern irrigation techniques, and cold storage facilities for storing and marketing the produce.

Differentiate between extensive farming and plantation farming.

Extensive Farming:

Land Use: Cultivates large areas of land, often in regions with low population and abundant space.

Crops: Primarily grows staple food grains like wheat, maize, or barley.

Labor/Machinery: Relies heavily on large machinery due to limited human labor.

Purpose: Aims for large-scale production of general crops, often for domestic and international markets but not necessarily highly processed cash crops.

Plantation Farming:

Land Use: Cultivates a single, specific cash crop (e.g., tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane) over a very large, dedicated land area known as a plantation or estate.

Crops: Specializes in one or a few high-value cash crops.

Labor/Management: Requires huge capital investment, cheap labor, and high managerial and technical support, with systematic processing often done on-site.

Purpose: Exclusively aimed at large-scale commercial production of specific cash crops, often for export, with a strong emphasis on quality control.

Give three benefits of mixed farming.

It provides multiple sources of income for farmers, which acts as a financial buffer if one source of income fails.

It allows for the use of natural fertilizers (manure) obtained from farm animals, which helps increase soil fertility and reduces the dependency on chemical fertilizers.

It promotes a good ecological and environmental balance by securing habitats for birds, wildlife, and insects, and also helps in preventing soil erosion and conserving water.

Skills: Applying and Analysing

H. Map work

On an outline map of the world, mark and name the following;

(i) Two European countries that practise mixed farming (in red colour): e.g., Germany, France.

(ii) Two Asian islands nations that practise plantation farming. (in green colour): e.g., Sri Lanka, Indonesia.

(iii) Print ‘Roca’ in a country that practises this type of farming: Brazil.

(iv) Mark a point in India famous for its apples (in brown colour): Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh.

On the outline map of India mark and name the following:

(i) Two major and one minor wheat growing states: Major: Uttar Pradesh, Punjab; Minor: Rajasthan.

(ii) Two coastal states that grow coconuts and sugar cane: Kerala, Maharashtra.

(iii) One major jute producing state: West Bengal.

I. Source-based questions

Sometimes plants, crops, etc. are cut down and burnt before new seeds are planted for cultivation. What is the name of this type of cultivation?

This type of cultivation is called shifting cultivation, also known as ‘slash and burn’ or ‘Jhumming’ (in India).

Describe how this form of agriculture is harmful.

This form of agriculture is harmful because it disturbs the ecology of the area, displaces wildlife and birds from their natural habitats, and contributes significantly to soil erosion, particularly during the monsoon season.

Explain how wildlife and birds are affected by the fire.

Wildlife and birds are severely affected by the fire as it directly destroys their natural habitats (forests and vegetation), forcing them to flee their homes, leading to injuries or death, and removing their essential food sources, thereby disrupting the ecological balance.

Name some of the crops that people sow in the area where the plants have been burnt.

Crops like maize, barley, rice, sugarcane, and fruits and vegetables such as yam, tapioca, and bananas are sown in the burnt area.

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