Chapter: 07. Minerals And Ores
EXERCISES
(4)(b) Remembering and Understanding
A. Choose the correct option.
Minerals are extracted from which of these? Which of these are characteristics of minerals? Which of these is the best quality of iron ore? Which of these is the mineral that is used as a fuel in nuclear power plant? By practising the formula of ‘reuse’, ‘recycle’ and ’ $\qquad$ ', we can conserve minerals. B. Match the following.AB1. Bauxite(iii) Lightest metal2. Copper(i) Metallic mineral3. Limestone(iv) Non-metallic mineral4. Anthracite(v) Coal5. Petroleum(ii) Black gold
C. Fill in the blanks.
All rocks are composed of $\qquad$ . Minerals are obtained by a process called $\qquad$ . Metallic minerals are generally found in $\qquad$ rocks. Ferrous minerals contain $\qquad$ . Peat has very little $\qquad$ . D. State whether true or false. Rewrite the false statements correctly.
Metals can be profitably extracted from ores. Metallic minerals are generally found in sedimentary rocks. False. Metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Bauxite is the lightest metal. Bituminous coal has the highest carbon content. False. Anthracite coal has the highest carbon content. Mica is a metallic mineral. False. Mica is a non-metallic mineral. E. Explain the differences between each of the following pairs.
Metallic and non-metallic minerals Metallic minerals contain metals, have a shiny appearance, are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, are ductile and malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, have a high melting point, and are found only in solid state at room temperature. Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals, have a dull appearance, are found in sedimentary rocks, are soft and breakable, bad conductors of heat and electricity, have a very low melting point, and can exist in all states at room temperature. Coal is a solid sedimentary rock formed from the decayed remains of plants and trees, used in steel production, heating, and electricity generation. Petroleum is a black, greenish or brown liquid formed from the decayed remains of plants and animals, used as fuel for almost all vehicles and for making various products like synthetic fibres, plastics, and cosmetics. Surface and underground mining Surface mining involves removing the top layer of soil and digging large pits (open cast mines or quarries) to extract minerals found close to the surface, which can destroy natural vegetation. Underground mining involves digging deep vertical shafts and tunnels into the ground to extract minerals that are found deep underground, which can cause sinking of land and water pollution. F. Answer the following questions in brief.
Name two ferrous minerals. Iron ore, manganese (or chrome). Name the mineral from which aluminium is obtained. An ore is a naturally occurring solid material that contains a large amount of a particular mineral, usually a metal, which can be profitably extracted. Name the different types of iron ore. Haematite, magnetite, limonite, and siderite. Surface mining is a process in which the top layer of the soil is removed, and large pits or holes, called open cast mines or quarries, are dug to extract the rocks that lie underneath with the help of heavy machinery. G. Answer the following questions.
Give an account of iron ore production in the world. Iron ore is the most important mineral globally, often alloyed to make strong steel for industries. In 2021, Australia was the largest iron ore producer with 912 million tonnes, followed by Brazil (380 million tonnes), China (360 million tonnes), and India (240 million tonnes). Why are large mineral reserves important for a country? Large mineral reserves are important for a country because they play a crucial role in its economic development. The overall development of a country often depends on the power resources it possesses, as a majority of large-scale industries rely on minerals as their raw materials, and they are also vital for producing fertilizers needed for agriculture. Give reasons:
(i) Aluminium is used in the aircraft industry
* Aluminium is used in the aircraft industry because it is the lightest metal.
(ii) The use of petroleum is being discouraged nowadays
* The use of petroleum is being discouraged nowadays because it is a non-renewable resource that is not going to last forever and its use is very damaging to the environment, with vehicles using petrol being major polluters.
(iii) ‘Reduce, reuse and recycle’ is considered a good policy
* ‘Reduce, reuse and recycle’ is considered a good policy because minerals are non-renewable resources that take thousands of years to form and are being rapidly depleted due to increasing demand. Practising this formula helps to conserve these valuable resources for future generations and mitigate environmental impact. Describe the importance of minerals. Minerals are essential for daily life, forming items like door knobs, utensils, and window grills. Iron and steel are used in building and machinery; copper in electronics and wires; gold and silver in jewellery. Aluminium is vital for aircraft, and limestone for construction. Additionally, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are crucial energy resources for heating, electricity, and transportation. The availability of minerals is fundamental for a country’s economic development, providing raw materials for industries and supporting agriculture. Why is it important to conserve minerals? It is important to conserve minerals because they are non-renewable resources that take thousands of years to form and cannot be replaced once used. They are being depleted at a very fast rate due to growing demands. Conservation ensures their availability for future generations and helps to reduce the environmental damage caused by mining and the pollution from their use. Skills: Applying and Analysing
H. Map work
This is an activity for practical application by the student. I. Source-based questions
What are the two main categories of minerals? Give examples of each. The two main categories of minerals are metallic and non-metallic minerals. Examples of metallic minerals include iron ore, gold, copper, silver, and uranium, while non-metallic minerals include limestone, mica, coal, and crude oil. What is mining, and why is it significant in society? Mining is the process of extracting minerals from the ground. It is significant in society because it provides valuable resources that influence various industries and play a vital role in the economic development of a country. Why is it important to conserve minerals? It is important to conserve minerals because they take thousands of years to form and are therefore non-renewable resources. Cross-Curricular Connect
What process are involved in smelting? Smelting involves heating the ore (often with a reducing agent like coke or charcoal) to remove oxygen from the oxide, leaving behind the metal. A flux, such as limestone, is then added to clean and purify the metal by removing impurities as slag. A flux is a substance, like limestone, that is added during the smelting process to clean and purify the metal by removing impurities as slag. Let’s Do Something
These are project-based and discussion activities for the student. Research-based Learning
These are external resources for further research by the student. 
Answers to textbook exercises