Answer key

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Last edited 10 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 01. Categories Of Computers And Computer Languages

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Answer in one line Answers

An embedded computer is a special microprocessor-based system designed for a specific task, unlike a general-purpose computer which can perform a wide range of tasks.

3GL (Third Generation Languages) tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it, while 4GL (Fourth Generation Languages) specify what the program should accomplish without explaining how.

Two gaming consoles mentioned are Sony Playstation and Nintendo Wii.

Two examples of object-oriented Third Generation Languages (3GL) are C++ and Java.

A tablet primarily uses a touchscreen as its input device, whereas a laptop typically uses a built-in keyboard and mouse.

Two supercomputers other than PARAM are PACE and Titan.

The main function of an ATM is to allow users to withdraw money from their bank account anywhere and anytime.

A laptop is small and portable, designed for use while traveling due to its built-in battery, whereas a desktop is developed for regular use in a single location and is not portable.

Computers can be categorized on the basis of their type or functioning, purpose, and size, speed, processing power, and cost.

The size of a smartphone is smaller than that of a tablet computer, making it easily pocketable.

A program written in a machine-dependent language runs only on one particular type of computer and is not easily portable to other types of computers.

Mainframe computers are generally used in big organizations such as banks, where a large amount of data is processed.

After an interpreter reads a code statement, it converts it to one or more machine language instructions and then immediately executes them.

Two common examples of handheld computers are smartphones and smartwatches.

One advantage of using a high-level language is that it is user-friendly and similar to the English language, making it easier to understand and use for programming.

A gaming console is a computing device specially designed to play video games.

Two common minicomputers mentioned are PDP-11 and HP-3000.

Two examples of Natural Languages (5GL) are Mercury and OPSS.

Supercomputers are primarily used in very big organizations and government departments for tasks such as weather forecasting and rocket launching.

Specialized languages are needed to communicate with computers because computers cannot understand instructions given in human languages like English.

Assembly language overcame the inconvenience of machine language by allowing program codes to be written in alphanumeric symbols called ‘Mnemonics’ instead of just 0s and 1s.

A microcomputer is also called a Personal Computer (PC).

Minicomputers are mainly used for scientific and engineering computations and can serve multiple users simultaneously.

Two examples of mainframe computers are IBM zSeries and ICL 39.

Natural languages (5GL) are popular in the medical and scientific fields, often associated with expert systems and artificial intelligence.

Binary digits, or bits, are the two digits (0 and 1) used in machine language, where ‘0’ represents the OFF state and ‘1’ represents the ON state.

A compiler displays all errors for the whole program together after converting the entire program, whereas an interpreter displays errors for one line at a time and stops until the error is corrected.

The main function of a language translator is to convert a high-level language or assembly language into a machine language so that the computer can understand and execute it.

One disadvantage of using a high-level language is that it needs to be translated into machine language by a translator, which consumes a lot of the computer’s time.

Two examples of microcomputers are desktops and laptops.

Analog computers operate by measuring continuously changeable physical quantities, while digital computers use digits (binary numbers 0’s and 1’s) to generate, process, and display data.

A digital camera’s main functions are to capture photos and shoot videos.

The heartbeat measuring machine used in hospitals is a common example of a hybrid computer.

High-level languages are considered “high-level” because they are closer to human languages, making them easier for programmers to read, write, and maintain compared to low-level languages.

A computer program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that tells the computer what specific task to perform.

General-purpose computers can perform many different tasks equally well, whereas special-purpose computers are designed to do a specific job very quickly and efficiently and cannot perform other tasks.

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