Chapter: 07. Health And Hygine
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
c) Physical, mental, and social well-being c) Excessive junk food consumption b) Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Section C: True/False Questions
False. (Rewritten: Drinking water directly from ponds where cattle are bathed is an unsafe practice as it can be contaminated and spread diseases.) False. (Rewritten: Malaria is caused by a protozoan (Plasmodium) and transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.) False. (Rewritten: Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries due to cholesterol deposition. Arteriosclerosis is the hardening of artery walls due to thickening of fibrous tissue.) Section D: Explanation of Terms
Pathogen: Disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and worms. Vector: An animal that transmits pathogens from one infected person or animal to another. Allergy: A hypersensitive or unusual reaction of the body to a foreign substance, known as an allergen. Hygiene: The conditions and practices that contribute to good health and help in preventing diseases through cleanliness. Landfill: An area where garbage collected from a city or town is dumped, compressed, and covered with soil for disposal. Immunisation: Large-scale vaccination at a community level to develop the power of the body to fight specific diseases. Section E: Short Answer Questions
List two ways you can maintain good health through your lifestyle choices. Two ways to maintain good health are to follow an adequate regime of physical exercise and proper recreation, and to ensure regular and adequate sleep with peace of mind. What is Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)? Name two diseases caused by it. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a serious nutritional disorder caused by the deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in food. Two diseases caused by PEM are Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Briefly explain how kidney failure is treated. Kidney failure is treated primarily by kidney dialysis, a process that artificially filters waste products from the blood when the kidneys cannot. In more severe or long-term cases, a kidney transplant, where a diseased kidney is replaced with a healthy one from a donor, can be performed. Why is it important to segregate waste before disposal? Segregating waste before disposal is important because it allows for efficient and appropriate disposal methods for different types of waste. Compostable waste can be used for making manure, while recyclable waste can be processed and reused, reducing landfill burden and promoting resource conservation. What are two healthy practices for eye hygiene? Two healthy practices for eye hygiene include washing eyes with cold water at least twice or thrice a day, and ensuring proper light while reading to avoid strain. Also, it’s important to protect eyes from dust and direct sunlight. Section F: Diagram-Based Questions
a) What type of waste is primarily shown in the image?
Compostable waste (or wet waste). b) Which colour dustbin should this type of waste be thrown into?
c) Name one method of waste disposal suitable for this type of waste.
Composting (or Vermicomposting). Section G: Long Answer Questions
Describe how communicable diseases can be prevented by focusing on both personal hygiene practices and public health measures. Communicable diseases can be prevented through a combination of personal hygiene and public health measures. Personally, individuals should frequently wash hands with soap, cover their mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, avoid direct contact with infected persons, and not share personal articles. Public health measures include ensuring clean and germ-free drinking water supply, providing proper sewage systems to prevent dirty water stagnation, prohibiting open defecation and dumping of garbage, and promoting vaccination and health education programs at a community level. These combined efforts create a healthier environment and reduce disease transmission. Section H: Everyday Use
You see your friend repeatedly biting their nails and then touching shared classroom items. Explain why this habit is unhealthy and what your friend should do instead. This habit is unhealthy because dirty hands and nails can carry many disease-causing microorganisms (germs). When your friend bites their nails, they transfer these germs into their mouth, which can lead to illnesses like typhoid, diarrhoea, or worm infections. When they touch shared classroom items, they transfer these germs to others. Instead, your friend should cut their nails regularly to keep them short, avoid biting their nails or putting fingers in their mouth, and wash their hands thoroughly with soap and clean water, especially before eating and after using the restroom. 
Answer key