Answer key

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Chapter: 06. Human Circulatory System

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The normal range for White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs) is about 5000 to 6000 per mL of blood.

RBCs are red in color due to the presence of an oxygen-carrying pigment called haemoglobin.

During an incompatible blood transfusion, the recipient’s antibodies attack the donor’s antigens, causing the donor’s red blood cells to clump together.

Blood platelets’ specific role is to help stop bleeding at the site of injury by initiating blood clotting.

A person’s blood group in the ABO system is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens (Antigen A and Antigen B) on the surface of their red blood cells.

One cardiac cycle is completed in 0.8 seconds.

The primary function of the circulatory system is to transport food and oxygen to body cells and remove waste products from them.

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body.

WBCs are called “soldiers of the body” because they defend the body against diseases by fighting against germs and providing immunity.

William Harvey was an English physician who was the first to recognize and demonstrate the circulation of blood in the human body.

Systole is the phase of heart muscle contraction when blood is pumped out, while diastole is the phase of relaxation when the heart fills with blood.

Two food habits that contribute to a healthy heart are eating plenty of fruits and vegetables to get more fibers, and avoiding food with high cholesterol.

The unique role of capillaries is to facilitate the exchange of food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste products between the blood and body cells.

Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood as it returns to the heart, especially against gravity.

Arterioles are smaller vessels that arteries divide into upon entering an organ, which then further divide into fine capillaries.

The pulse is felt as regular jerks with fingertips pressed over an artery, commonly the radial artery in the wrist, due to the rhythmic contraction of the heart.

The two main components of blood are plasma and blood corpuscles (blood cells).

The three kinds of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.

A blood bank is a center where blood collected from volunteer donors is stored and preserved after proper testing for later use in transfusions.

The primary function of the semilunar valves is to prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery and aorta back into the ventricles after contraction.

The “dub” sound of the heart is caused by the closing of the pulmonary and aortic (semilunar) valves.

The “lub” sound of the heart is caused by the closing of the cuspid valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) when the ventricles contract.

The right auricle receives deoxygenated blood from the whole body.

Regular exercise helps keep the heart healthy by strengthening cardiac muscles, managing weight, and improving overall cardiovascular function.

The upper two chambers of the heart are called auricles or atria.

Blood helps in regulating body temperature through its circulation throughout the body.

Blood group O is considered a universal donor because its red blood cells have no antigens, meaning they will not be attacked by antibodies in any recipient’s plasma.

Blood group A can receive blood from A and O.

The human heart is located in the thoracic (chest) cavity, slightly towards the left side of the body.

The bicuspid valve (or mitral valve) is found between the left auricle and left ventricle.

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