Answer key

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 05. Human Respiratory System

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Another name for the larynx is the voice box or Adam’s apple, and its main function is sound production through the vibration of vocal cords.

Breathing rate is the number of times a person breathes (one inhalation and one exhalation) in a minute, with a normal range for humans being 16-18 times per minute.

Tuberculosis can be diagnosed through a combination of a skin test, blood test, chest X-rays, and sputum tests.

A person’s breathing rate slows down when they are at complete rest.

The diaphragm is a large muscular structure that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and, along with rib muscles, plays a crucial role in changing the volume of the chest cavity to facilitate breathing.

Two common symptoms of asthma are shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing, along with a whistling or wheezing sound while exhaling.

The primary function of respiration is to take in oxygen, oxidize food (glucose) to release energy, and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body, enabling various life processes.

External respiration is the exchange of gases that occurs in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, pulling downwards to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.

There are approximately 750 million alveoli in human lungs, and they are important because their numerous, thin-walled structure provides a large surface area for efficient gas exchange.

Bronchitis is commonly caused by viral infection, dust, air pollution, certain bacteria, smoking, or occupational hazards.

The trachea divides into two bronchi, with each bronchus entering one of the respective lungs.

If unwanted particles are not trapped by nasal hair, they irritate the sensory lining of the nasal passages, causing sneezing to expel them.

During internal respiration, carbon dioxide from the cells diffuses into the blood to be transported back to the lungs for exhalation.

Cellular respiration is the process where glucose is broken down inside the cells to produce carbon dioxide and energy.

The main respiratory organs in humans are the lungs.

Breathing is a mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs, whereas respiration is a biochemical process that involves gas exchange and the oxidation of food to release energy.

Inhaled air contains approximately 21% oxygen, while exhaled air contains approximately 16.4% oxygen.

Old people, infants, and young children are more susceptible to pneumonia infection.

During exhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases as the ribs move downwards and inwards, and the diaphragm moves upwards to its original position.

The C-shaped rings of cartilage support the wall of the trachea, preventing it from collapsing and ensuring that the airway remains open.

Bronchioles finally end in tiny air sacs called alveoli within the lungs.

We should breathe through our nose because nasal passages filter, warm, and moisten the air, trapping dust, pollen, and microbes before it reaches the lungs.

When oxyhaemoglobin reaches the body cells, it breaks down to release oxygen, which then enters the cells for cellular respiration.

Lungs are a pair of spongy, highly elastic, and bag-like structures that serve as the main respiratory organs.

The increase in breathing rate during fast physical activity is caused by the body’s need for more energy, requiring an increased supply of oxygen for food oxidation and faster removal of the higher amount of carbon dioxide produced.

The two main processes involved in breathing are inhalation (taking in air rich in oxygen) and exhalation (giving out air rich in carbon dioxide).

The epiglottis is a muscular flap that closes the glottis (opening of the trachea) during swallowing to prevent food from entering the windpipe.

The spread of tuberculosis in society can be prevented by giving BCG injections to children, thereby vaccinating them against TB.

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