Explore

Answer in one line

Answer key

Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com

Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 04. Human Digestive System

⁠

Sodium and potassium maintain water balance in the body.

Proteins are body-building organic molecules essential for growth and repair of cells.

According to the chapter, a malnourished child primarily needs a required amount of balanced diet.

Digestive enzymes are called hydrolytic enzymes because they catalyse or speed up the digestion of food by breaking it into its basic units through hydrolysis (using water).

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of starch, breaking it down into maltose.

The jejunum is approximately 8 feet (2.5 meters) long.

The pH of food in the stomach is made acidic, specifically pH 1.8, by hydrochloric acid.

The duodenum, the C-shaped part of the small intestine, receives bile juice and pancreatic juice.

Two common symptoms of indigestion are bloating of the stomach (feeling of fullness) and belching, burping, or flatulence due to gas formation.

Nutrients are all chemical compounds which nourish our body.

In humans, the vermiform appendix is a blind tube arising from the caecum and is considered a non-functional or vestigial organ.

Enzymes are made up of proteins.

Including fruits and vegetables in the diet lowers the risk of cancer, high blood pressure, heart attack, and diabetes.

The small intestine is longer, about 6 meters long, while the large intestine is about 1.5 meters long.

The end products of fat digestion are glycerol and fatty acids.

The small intestine is modified for efficient absorption by its extreme length, the presence of numerous villi (finger-like projections), a very thin lining, a dense network of blood capillaries, and lacteals in each villus.

The four types of teeth found in humans are incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

The three pairs of salivary glands are present, but their specific names are not provided in the text.

Milk and meat are two good sources of proteins.

Peristalsis is the progressive wave of muscle contractions that proceeds along the wall of the oesophagus (and other parts of the alimentary canal), pushing food content forward.

Undernutrition is a state where the body receives less than the required nutrients, leading to weakness and sickness.

The two main sets of organs that form the human digestive system are the alimentary canal and the digestive glands.

The uvula (epiglottis) is a muscular flap that closes the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the windpipe.

The tongue tastes the food, mixes saliva with food during chewing, pushes food towards teeth, helps in swallowing, and assists in speaking.

The two sphincters are the cardiac sphincter (guards opening of oesophagus to stomach) and the pyloric sphincter (guards opening of stomach to duodenum).

The first step in the process of nutrition is ingestion, which is the intake of food.

Bile juice is stored in the gall bladder.

Our body can make vitamin D and K.

Overcooked food should be avoided because cooking at high temperatures or in an open vessel for a long time can destroy essential vitamins in the food.

Bile salts break down large fat globules into small droplets, a process called emulsification, which prepares them for the action of fat-digesting enzymes.

Milk teeth begin to appear from the age of 6 months onwards.

Mucus protects the lining of the stomach from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid.

The opening of the windpipe in the pharynx is called the glottis.

The four key skills mentioned are Remembering, Understanding, Analysing, and Critical Thinking.

Indigestion is a feeling of pain or discomfort in the stomach and upper part of the abdomen.

Rennin is the enzyme in gastric juice that digests milk protein.

After absorption, amino acids are used by body cells for the synthesis of new proteins, which are utilized for forming enzymes and for the growth and repair of cells.

A balanced diet provides the materials required for growth and reproduction, along with energy and materials to repair damaged cells or tissues.

Two examples of energy-rich fats are butter and ghee.

Gastric glands in the stomach secrete gastric juice, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and mucus.

Indigestion is typically treated with antacids and antiflatulents.

Bread is one processed food that is rich in carbohydrates.

Children need more proteins because they are in the stage of rapid growth, requiring these building blocks for new cells and tissues.

We should eat different foods every day because different foods have different nutrients, and eating a variety ensures we obtain all the necessary nutrients for overall health.

Humans are unable to digest cellulose because their caecum is reduced and they lack the necessary cellulose-digesting bacteria and the enzyme cellulase.

Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain or synthesize their food and convert it into simple substances that can be absorbed and utilized by body cells.

The longest part of the small intestine, known for its numerous villi, is the ileum.

We need food for energy for various life processes, growth and repair of worn-out cells, and protection from diseases.

Vitamins help the body in proper use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and play an active role in many chemical reactions that take place in our body.

Teeth are the hardest non-bony structures in the human body.

Want to print your doc?
This is not the way.

Try clicking the ⋯ next to your doc name or using a keyboard shortcut (

CtrlP

) instead.