Answer key

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Chapter: 03. The Cell

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Nerve cells are considered the longest cells in the human body.

The three types of plastids found in plant cells are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts.

Robert Hooke coined the term ‘Cell’ to describe the small, box-like structures he observed in cork.

Cell division is important for repairing tissues because it produces new cells that can replace damaged or wounded cells, thus restoring the integrity of the tissue.

The three basic parts of a typical cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

The cell wall provides rigidity, mechanical support, and protection to the internal organelles of the plant cell.

Centrioles are an organelle present in animal cells but absent in plant cells.

Under a microscope, onion peel cells appear as brick-shaped cells arranged side-by-side, each with a distinct cell wall, a large vacuole, and a thin layer of cytoplasm.

In multicellular organisms, a tissue is formed when a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function come together.

Many of the cell’s life processes and chemical reactions take place within the cytoplasm.

The Golgi complex is primarily associated with the secretion and storage of substances within the cell.

Chromatin fibres are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins; DNA is the hereditary material responsible for transmitting characteristics from parents to offspring.

Chromoplasts are responsible for giving various colors (red, yellow) to flowers and fruits.

Chlamydomonas possesses two flagella, which are whip-like structures primarily used for locomotion.

Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in the year 1665.

The nucleolus is a rounded body within the nucleoplasm that contains ribonucleic acid (RNA) for the formation of ribosomes.

Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that store starch, proteins, and fats.

Nerve cells are quite long and branched at their ends, which enables them to transmit messages over long distances efficiently.

Human Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are approximately 7.0 microns in size.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) forms a supporting framework within the cell and helps in the transport of substances within the cell.

Staining is the process of coloring cells with a dye (stain) to differentiate and identify their various parts more clearly under a microscope.

A mature plant cell typically has a single large central vacuole that maintains turgidity and stores substances, while animal cells either lack vacuoles or have only a few small, temporary ones.

Unicellular organisms are composed of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of many cells (millions or billions).

A cell is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, carrying out all basic life processes.

The cell membrane is called selectively permeable because it controls which substances, such as oxygen, water, and nutrients, are allowed to enter or leave the cell.

Two key structures present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell are the cell wall and plastids.

Plant guard cells are kidney-shaped or bean-shaped, whereas animal muscle cells are spindle-shaped with pointed ends.

Two functions of the vacuole in a plant cell are keeping the cell turgid (stiff) and storing water, food, and pigments.

The nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope regulate the movement of substances, such as RNA and proteins, in and out of the nucleus.

Two examples of unicellular animals are Amoeba and Paramecium.

The main component of the plant cell wall is cellulose.

Cells show great variation in their shapes because their specific shape is closely related to the particular function they perform.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are distinguishable as concave cells without a nucleus when observed under a microscope.

The two main statements are that cells are the structural and functional units of living organisms, and new cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells.

Xylem vessels in plants are cylindrical cells, while mesophyll cells of leaves are long and rectangular, containing chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts carry out the process of photosynthesis, converting light energy into food due to the presence of chlorophyll.

Larger organisms have more cells rather than bigger cells because increasing cell size beyond a certain point becomes inefficient for nutrient and waste exchange, while having more cells allows for greater specialization and complexity.

Protoplasm is the collective term for all the living matter of the cell, including the nucleus and cytoplasm, enclosed by the cell membrane.

Pseudopodia are temporary, finger-like projections from the cell surface used for movement, and white blood cells (and Amoeba) are known for having them.

Mature Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the human body are unique for being without a nucleus.

Human cheek cells are polygonal or irregular in shape and lack a cell wall and large central vacuole, whereas onion peel cells are brick-shaped and possess both a cell wall and a prominent central vacuole.

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