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Chapter: 03. The Cell

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Chromatin fibres are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins.
The nucleus is called the control centre of the cell.
In our body, blood cells are the smallest and nerve cells are the longest.
The egg of an Ostrich is about 15-20 cm in diameter, making it the largest cell.
Plastids are found only in plant cells.
The Cell Theory was explained by two scientists, Schleiden and Schwann.
A typical cell has three basic parts: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus.
Protoplasm is the living matter of the cell.
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
The study of cells is called cytology.
The cell membrane is called selectively permeable membrane because it allows only selected substances to enter and leave the cell.
Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
Chlamydomonas has two flagella for locomotion.
The detailed structure of cells was discovered after the invention of the electron microscope.
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids that store starch, proteins, and fats.
The cell wall is permeable because it allows both liquid and gaseous substances to enter and leave the cell without hindrance.
New cells are needed to help in growth of the body.
Amoeba and Paramecium are examples of unicellular organisms.
Lysosomes are often called “suicide bags” due to their digestive enzymes.
In onion peel cells, brick-shaped cells are seen lying side-by-side.
New cells arise by the division of pre-existing cells.
Vacuoles keep the plant cell turgid (stiff).
The cavity of the vacuole is filled with a liquid called cell sap.
Multicellular organisms are formed of many cells.
Robert Hooke is known for coining the term ‘Cell’.
Cell wall is present only in plant cells.
Cell membrane is also called plasma membrane.
Guard cells of stomata are kidney-shaped.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like semifluid substance between the cell membrane and nucleus.
The smallest cells (bacteria) may be as small as 0.1 to 0.15 micron.
The vacuole is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called tonoplast.
Centrosomes are absent in plant cells but present in animal cells and are involved in spindle formation during cell division.
Chloroplasts are called the kitchen of the cell.
A group of similar cells dedicated to perform a specific function is called a tissue.
The cell wall is formed of cellulose.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living beings.
Every cell of the human body normally has 46 (or 23 pairs of) chromosomes.
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
Ribosomes are known as the protein factories of cells.
Chloroplasts are green-coloured plastids due to the presence of chlorophyll.
Cells are the building blocks of our body.
Nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831.
Unicellular organisms are formed of just one cell.
Chromoplasts are coloured plastids that give varied colours to flowers and fruits.
RBCs in the human body are without nucleus, making them enucleate.
Animal cells from human cheek are typically polygonal or irregular in shape.
Amoeba’s cytoplasm contains a single contractile vacuole and many small food vacuoles.
New cells are formed by cell division in all living organisms.
Muscle cells are spindle-shaped cells.
In mature plant cells, Golgi bodies are described as many, scattered, while in animal cells there is typically only one.
Chromosomes are seen only during cell division.
The process of colouring cells with a dye is called staining.
Several organs join together to form an organ system.
White blood cells move like Amoeba by giving out projections called pseudopodia.
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