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Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 02. The Flower

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Answer in one line - Answer Key

Sepals enclose and protect the inner whorls of a flower when it is in the bud stage.
In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from a flower on one plant to a flower on a different plant of the same species, while in self-pollination, pollen transfer occurs within the same flower or between flowers on the same plant.
Seeds planted deeper in the soil often fail to germinate because they do not get sufficient oxygen to respire and produce the energy required for germination.
A pollen tube is a structure that forms when a pollen grain germinates on the stigma, and its role is to grow through the style to deliver male gametes to the ovule for fertilisation.
During seed germination, the radicle grows downwards into the soil to form the root system, while the plumule grows upwards to form the shoot of the young plant.
Imbibition is the process where a seed swells up by taking in water, which is the initial step in seed germination.
Botanically, a fruit is a ripened ovary that contains seeds.
Two advantages of seed dispersal are that it ensures wide distribution of seeds and prevents competition for food, space, and light due to overcrowding.
Aquatic plants like Lotus and Trapa are pollinated by insects because their flowers are exposed to the air.
The thalamus is the upper swollen end of the pedicel to which all the floral parts are attached.
Seeds dispersed by wind are typically small and light in weight, often bearing hair tufts or wings to facilitate floating in the air.
Oxygen is necessary for seed germination because it is required for the oxidation of stored food, which releases the energy needed for the embryo’s growth and cell division.
In dry fruits, the pericarp is dry, thin, and non-edible, while in fleshy fruits, the pericarp or parts of it are soft and pulpy.
The three layers of the pericarp are the epicarp (outermost), mesocarp (middle), and endocarp (innermost).
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers borne on a twig or branch.
An example of a seed that undergoes epigeal germination is a bean seed.
Some lotus seeds, even 10,000 years old, have been known to germinate under suitable conditions, demonstrating their remarkable longevity in dormancy.
After fertilisation, the ovary matures into a fruit, and the ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds.
The primary function of flowers is to produce male and female gametes and facilitate sexual reproduction to form seeds for new plants.
Flowers are used for decoration and for their fragrance.
The three main parts of a seed are the seed coat, embryo, and endosperm.
Temperature affects the growth rate and metabolism of the seed; different seeds require specific optimum temperature ranges for successful germination, and temperatures outside this range can hinder it.
In walnut, the wall of the ovary develops into a hard shell that surrounds the edible seed.
Pollen grains are formed in the pollen sacs located within the anther of a stamen.
Insects aid in pollination by picking up powdery pollen grains on their bodies when visiting a flower for nectar, and then brushing these pollen grains onto the stigma of another flower they visit.
Wind-pollinated flowers are typically colourless or dull, tiny, without fragrance, and produce light, dry pollen grains in large numbers.
In dicotyledonous seeds, cotyledons are fleshy and primarily store food for the growing embryo.
A pollen tube is a structure that forms when a pollen grain germinates on the stigma, and its role is to grow through the style to deliver male gametes to the ovule for fertilisation.
Androecium and gynoecium are called essential whorls because they are the reproductive organs of a flower and directly participate in fertilisation and seed formation.
During seed germination, the radicle grows downwards into the soil to form the root system, while the plumule grows upwards to form the shoot of the young plant.
Imbibition is the process where a seed swells up by taking in water, which is the initial step in seed germination.
Botanically, a fruit is a ripened ovary that contains seeds.
Two advantages of seed dispersal are that it ensures wide distribution of seeds and prevents competition for food, space, and light due to overcrowding.
Aquatic plants like Lotus and Trapa are pollinated by insects because their flowers are exposed to the air.
The thalamus is the upper swollen end of the pedicel to which all the floral parts are attached.
Seeds dispersed by wind are typically small and light in weight, often bearing hair tufts or wings to facilitate floating in the air.
Oxygen is necessary for seed germination because it is required for the oxidation of stored food, which releases the energy needed for the embryo’s growth and cell division.
In dry fruits, the pericarp is dry, thin, and non-edible, while in fleshy fruits, the pericarp or parts of it are soft and pulpy.
The three layers of the pericarp are the epicarp (outermost), mesocarp (middle), and endocarp (innermost).
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers borne on a twig or branch.
An example of a seed that undergoes epigeal germination is a bean seed.
Some lotus seeds, even 10,000 years old, have been known to germinate under suitable conditions, demonstrating their remarkable longevity in dormancy.
After fertilisation, the ovary matures into a fruit, and the ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds.
The primary function of flowers is to produce male and female gametes and facilitate sexual reproduction to form seeds for new plants.
Flowers are used for decoration and for their fragrance.
The three main parts of a seed are the seed coat, embryo, and endosperm.
Temperature affects the growth rate and metabolism of the seed; different seeds require specific optimum temperature ranges for successful germination, and temperatures outside this range can hinder it.
In walnut, the wall of the ovary develops into a hard shell that surrounds the edible seed.
Pollen grains are formed in the pollen sacs located within the anther of a stamen.
Insects aid in pollination by picking up powdery pollen grains on their bodies when visiting a flower for nectar, and then brushing these pollen grains onto the stigma of another flower they visit.
Wind-pollinated flowers are typically colourless or dull, tiny, without fragrance, and produce light, dry pollen grains in large numbers.
In dicotyledonous seeds, cotyledons are fleshy and primarily store food for the growing embryo.
Two examples of bisexual flowers are China rose (Hibiscus) and Pea.
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