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Chapter: 03. Major Landforms Of The Earth

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Goal 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals is “Life on land”.
The rebuilding of a lowered land surface is known as deposition.
North America is joined to South America by a narrow stretch of land called the Isthmus of Panama.
Antarctica contains 90 per cent of the world’s ice.
A tectonic plateau is formed by the movement of the earth’s crustal plates.
The Chota Nagpur Plateau in India is a storehouse of mineral wealth.
The Vosges and the Black Forest of Europe are examples of block mountains.
Australia is sometimes called ‘the Land Down Under’.
Mountains also affect the climate of an area, for example, the Himalayas cause rainfall in India by blocking the south-west monsoon winds.
The movements of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains.
An island is a piece of land which is surrounded on all sides by water.
Old fold mountains, like the Aravallis in India, were formed over 250 million years ago.
Mountains provide home for around 720 million people, according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The Indus River originates from the Tibetan Plateau in Tibet.
A basin is a depressed section of the earth’s crust surrounded by higher land.
The funnel-shaped depression at the top of a volcano’s vent is called a crater.
The scientific theory that says that the earth’s outer shell or the crust is divided into several plates that glide over the semi-solid mantle is called Plate Tectonics.
Africa is the second largest continent after Asia and is surrounded by water bodies on all sides.
Plains are vast, nearly flat, expanses of land which are usually less than 200 metres above sea level.
The Isthmus of Suez joins Africa to Asia and separates the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
The Narmada Valley in India and the Nile Valley in Egypt are examples of rift valleys.
Mountains support a rich variety of flora and fauna.
Valleys formed by glaciers are U-shaped.
Erosion is the wearing away of the earth’s surface.
The Brahmaputra River originates from the Chemayungdung Glacier on the northern side of the Himalayas in Tibet.
Varahamihira was an ancient Indian mathematician, astronomer, and polymath who made significant contributions to geography.
The Tibetan Plateau is an intermontane plateau enclosed by the Himalayan Mountains and the Kunlun Shan.
Land covers nearly 29 per cent of the surface area of the earth.
The process where the collision of tectonic plates pushes the heavier plate below the lighter plate is called subduction.
Europe has the most indented coastline among the continents, which is why it has numerous ports and some of the finest harbours in the world.
India and its neighbouring countries are referred to as the subcontinent.
Mountains occur in long narrow chains called ranges.
The nature of the rocks and soil that a particular landform is made up of is crucial as it determines human dwelling safety.
The extensive Columbia Plateau in the USA is an example of a volcanic plateau.
The peninsular plateau of India and the Malay Peninsula are two examples of peninsulas attached to the continent of Asia.
Asia is the largest continent, occupying about one-third of the land area of our planet.
A landform is a natural or artificial feature of the solid surface of the earth.
Plains are the granaries of the world.
The Ganga and Yamuna rivers originate from glaciers in the Himalayas, in Uttarakhand.
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