Answer key

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Chapter: 09. South America

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Answer in one line

Lake Titicaca is significant as the second highest freshwater lake in the world.

‘Llanose’ are the plains in Spanish, referring to the Orinoco Plains in the northern part of the Central Plains.

Mahogany and rosewood are two commercially valuable hardwood trees found in the Amazon’s equatorial forests.

Beyond transportation, the La Paz cable car system has helped to reduce traffic and air pollution in the city.

These lands are collectively referred to as Latin America because Latin-speaking races from southern Europe were the first people to settle there.

The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls, located in the Guiana Highlands.

The South American continent is triangular in shape, wider in the north and tapering to a point at Cape Horn in the south.

Their traditional way of life is under threat due to illegal logging, oil and gas exploration, and the rapid spread of ranching and farming, which lead to loss of territory and gradual destruction of the rainforest.

Softwood trees found in the coniferous forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in Chile are important for the paper industry.

‘Pampas’ are the temperate grassy plains of Argentina, known for cattle grazing, dairying, and wheat cultivation.

In Peru, the West Coastal Plain is widest at 80 km, while elsewhere it varies between 10 to 15 km.

Brazil’s official language is Portuguese because it was a colony of Portugal, whereas most other South American countries were colonies of Spain.

The cold Peru Current, flowing along the western coast, has a cooling and drying effect.

Nitrates found in the Atacama Desert are important for making fertilizers.

Crocodiles, anacondas, and piranhas are three specific types of animals found in the Amazon forests.

Quinine, a medicine used for treating malaria, is obtained from the bark of the cinchona tree.

The widest distance across South America is 7,564 km from north to south and 5,300 km from east to west.

The Pacific Ocean lies to the west and the Atlantic Ocean lies to the east of South America.

Venezuela is the biggest exporter of oil in South America and is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

The average rainfall in regions with an Equatorial Climate is between 200 cm and 250 cm.

‘Selvas’ are the dense equatorial forests of the Amazon Lowlands, important as the largest rainforest in the world and for global climate and biodiversity.

The short, swift-flowing streams that descend the steep slopes of the Andes to the Pacific Coast are significant for power generation (hydroelectric power).

The Amazon River carries the largest volume of water in the world because it is fed by thousands of tributaries and daily heavy equatorial showers.

The alpaca provides fine wool, while the llama can carry loads, making them valuable domesticated animals.

Lake Maracaibo is very important for its rich mineral oil deposits.

Guano, which is used as manure, is derived from the droppings of guano birds.

Amerigo Vespucci was a 16th-century Italian merchant and explorer after whom the continents of North and South America are named, as his accounts popularized the idea that a new continent had been discovered.

The leaves of the coca tree are chewed by people in the rarefied atmosphere of the Andes to relieve fatigue and hunger.

Rainfall mainly occurs in winter in the Mediterranean Climate region, primarily experienced in central Chile.

The Atacama Desert, located in north Chile, is known as the driest desert in the world.

The ‘lungs of the world’ refer to the selvas (equatorial forests) of the Amazon Basin because the many trees take in carbon dioxide and give out large quantities of oxygen, which is beneficial for life on Earth.

The two main languages spoken in South America are Spanish and Portuguese.

Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia are three other large countries in South America.

The Tropic of Capricorn passes just south of Rio de Janeiro.

Quito, at 2,700m above sea level in the Andes, has a cool, pleasant climate with an average temperature of around 13° C, while Manaus, at sea level, has an average temperature of around 26° C due to the significant influence of altitude on climate.

The Eastern Highlands are composed of old, hard crystalline rocks, unlike the Andes Mountains which are high, young fold mountains formed by tectonic plate movements.

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