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Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com

Last edited 43 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 06. Major Crops

⁠

I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

c) Gram

b) Rainy season

c) To be sold for profit in the market

c) China

c) Bagasse

II. Fill in the Blanks

150-200

Uttar

golden fibre

High Yielding Variety (HYV)

III. True/False Questions

True

False (India is the second-largest sugar cane producer after Brazil, but in 2022 became the largest producer of sugar, not sugar cane)

False (Cotton is a Kharif crop in India)

True

IV. Explanations of Terms

Fodder Crops: These are crops mainly grown for the purpose of feeding and fattening livestock (farm animals).

Ratooning: It is the practice of harvesting a monocot crop by cutting the plant just above the ground, leaving the roots intact to allow it to recover and produce a fresh crop for the new season.

Latex: This is a thick white liquid produced by some plants and trees, especially rubber trees, which becomes solid when exposed to air and is used to make rubber.

Plantation: A plantation is a very large area of agricultural land where cash crops are grown on a very large scale for commercial purposes.

HYV Seeds: These are genetically improved or high yielding variety seeds that were introduced during the Green Revolution to significantly increase crop production.

V. Short Answer Questions

Three types of food crops and their examples are:

Cereals: Rice

Pulses: Gram

Millets: Jowar (or Barley, Maize, Tur, Moong, Ragi, Bajra, etc.)

Two Indian states that are major producers of tea are Assam and West Bengal (Darjiling).

The Green Revolution led to increased industrial growth in two ways:

It increased the demand for agricultural machines like tractors and threshers, boosting industries producing these.

It led to higher demand for chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, which expanded the industries manufacturing these products.

Cultivating coffee is labour intensive for two reasons:

It requires well-trained, skilled, and cheap labour for various tasks such as plucking coffee berries, sowing, weeding, pruning, packaging, and handling the crop.

The manual care and precision needed throughout its growth cycle contribute to its labour intensity.

For growing cotton in India, the ideal conditions are:

Temperature: A uniformly high temperature ranging from $21^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, with daytime temperatures above $26^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ for ripening and boll bursting.

Rainfall: About 50 to 80 cm of well-distributed rainfall is needed.

Two drawbacks of the Green Revolution are:

Its benefits were mainly confined to rich farmers who could afford the expensive new seeds, fertilizers, and machinery, leading to increased inequality.

It led to an extreme dependence on artificial fertilizers and pesticides, causing depletion of soil’s natural rejuvenating capacity and environmental pollution.

Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is known as the ‘Father of the Green Revolution’ in India. The new seeds, particularly high-yielding varieties of wheat, were introduced to Indian farms in 1967.

VI. Diagram-Based Question

a) Based on the image, the time period associated with Rabi crops is October to March.

b) The Zaid crop season is known for growing fruits like watermelon.

c) The image helps in understanding the different crop seasons by visually segmenting the year into specific periods (July-Nov, Oct-Mar, Mar-June) and associating each with distinct crop types and climatic symbols (rain cloud for Kharif, sun for Rabi/Zaid), making the seasonal classification clear and easy to grasp.

VII. Long Answer Questions

Three crucial conditions required for the successful cultivation of wheat are:

Temperature: Wheat is a winter crop, needing temperatures around $10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ for sowing. During the ripening period, it requires warmer, sunny temperatures between $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

Rainfall: It needs about 50 to 100 cm of rainfall during its growing season, with around 80 cm annual rainfall considered ideal. It is vulnerable to frost or hailstorms during ripening.

Soil: Well-drained alluvial soil is highly suitable for wheat cultivation, and it thrives best in well-drained loams and clay loams.

The Green Revolution refers to the spectacular increase in food grain production in India during the 1960s, driven by the introduction of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, especially for wheat and rice. Three positive impacts it had on Indian agriculture and the economy are:

Increased Food Production: It led to a phenomenal increase in food grain output, making India largely self-sufficient and reducing reliance on imports.

Farmer Prosperity: Farmers, particularly large landowners, experienced increased income and prosperity due to higher yields and multiple cropping opportunities.

Industrial Growth and Job Creation: The demand for farm machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides spurred growth in related industries, and the intensified farming practices also created new employment opportunities in rural areas.

VIII. Identifying and Differentiate Concepts

Food Crops: These are crops grown primarily to provide food for human consumption. An example is rice. Cash Crops: These are crops grown mainly for commercial purposes and sold in the market to earn profits. An example is sugar cane.

Sap: This is the general term for the liquid in any plant or tree that carries food to all its parts. Latex: This is a specific type of thick white liquid produced by some plants and trees, most notably rubber trees, which becomes solid when exposed to air and is processed to make rubber.

IX. Environmental Awareness

Two negative environmental impacts of the Green Revolution are:

Soil Degradation: Extreme dependence on artificial fertilizers and pesticides led to the depletion of the soil’s natural rejuvenating capacity, reducing its long-term fertility.

Water Pollution and Biodiversity Loss: Runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides polluted farm water sources, causing immense harm to aquatic biodiversity and leading to health issues in humans, such as an increase in cancer incidents.

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