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07. Health And Hygine

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 07. Health And Hygine

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What are some key 21st-century skills emphasized in this chapter for learning about health and hygiene?

Some key 21st-century skills emphasized are Analysing, Hands-on Learning, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking.

What are the three important factors for maintaining good health?

The three important factors for maintaining good health are balanced diet, personal hygiene, and public sanitation.

Besides being free from disease, what are two other characteristics of a healthy person?

Two other characteristics of a healthy person are having a good appetite with sound sleep and being free from all mental and psychological tensions.

Name two social factors that can cause diseases.

Two social factors that can cause diseases are drinking alcohol and smoking.

Distinguish between communicable and noncommunicable diseases based on their spread.

Communicable diseases spread from an infected person to a healthy one, whereas noncommunicable diseases do not spread between individuals.

What are pathogens?

Pathogens are the microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and worms, that cause diseases.

What was the purpose of the Pasteur treatment developed by Louis Pasteur?

The Pasteur treatment was developed to prevent rabies in a person bitten by a rabid animal, involving injections of weakened rabies virus.

What significant discovery regarding malaria transmission is attributed to Sir Ronald Ross?

Sir Ronald Ross discovered the association between malaria and the Anopheles mosquito, proving that the female Anopheles mosquito transmits the malarial parasite in humans.

List two ways that AIDS is not spread, as mentioned in the chapter.

AIDS is not spread by insect bites, shaking hands, sharing food with AIDS patients, sharing toilets, or playing with infected children.

How is polio transmitted and how can it be prevented?

Poliomyelitis is transmitted through droplet infection or faecal matter and enters the body through the nose or mouth; it can be prevented through immunisation with the polio vaccine.

What is the main symptom of Amoebiasis?

The main symptom of Amoebiasis is the discharge of blood and mucus with the stool.

How is Ascariasis transmitted and what kind of parasite causes it?

Ascariasis is transmitted through food or water contaminated with Ascaris eggs, and it is caused by the roundworm Ascaris, which is an intestinal parasite.

How does Taeniasis spread?

Taeniasis spreads by eating improperly cooked measly pork or beef.

List two ways to prevent the spread of communicable diseases related to food and water.

Two ways to prevent the spread of communicable diseases related to food and water are by using boiled water and keeping food items covered.

What is the significance of the BCG vaccine?

The BCG vaccine is significant because it provides protection against Tuberculosis.

Is fever considered a disease itself? Explain briefly.

No, fever is not considered a disease itself; it is an indication of some underlying infection or disorder in the body.

What is the difference between malnutrition and undernutrition?

Malnutrition is a condition caused by a lack of one or more specific nutrients in the diet, while undernutrition is a condition where individuals receive insufficient total food due to poverty.

What is the cause and a key symptom of Anaemia?

Anaemia is caused by the deficiency of iron and vitamin B6 or B12, and a key symptom is a pale look due to a deficiency of haemoglobin.

Why is Goitre more common in hilly regions?

Goitre is more common in hilly or inland regions because iodine, which is essential for thyroid function, is often lacking in the water and vegetables grown in those areas.

What are the symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?

Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease include severe pain in the heart, breathlessness, nausea, and vomiting, often referred to as a heart attack or angina.

How is kidney failure treated?

Kidney failure is treated by kidney dialysis, a process to filter waste from the blood, and in severe cases, by kidney transplant.

What is the characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by swollen and painful joints, primarily affecting fingers, wrists, and ankles, and is a serious crippling disease.

What are genetic disorders?

Genetic disorders are congenital diseases that develop due to defects in genes inherited from the parents.

Is cancer infectious or hereditary?

Cancer is neither infectious nor hereditary.

Name two factors that can favor the development of cancer.

Two factors that can favor the development of cancer are overexposure to radiations (like X-rays or UV rays) and habits like tobacco chewing or smoking.

What are the three main methods used to cure cancer?

The three main methods used to cure cancer are anticancerous drugs (chemotherapy), killing the tumour by radiations (radiotherapy), and surgery.

What is the primary way to prevent allergies?

The primary way to prevent allergies is by avoiding the specific substances (allergens) that cause the allergic reaction.

Give two examples of common allergens that can cause an allergic reaction.

Two examples of common allergens are pollen grains and dust.

How can pollution-related diseases, especially air pollution, be prevented?

Pollution-related diseases, particularly those from air pollution, can be prevented by keeping the air free from dust and smoke and by wearing a mask when going outside.

What is the importance of not allowing dirty water to stagnate in surroundings?

Not allowing dirty water to stagnate is important to prevent it from becoming breeding sites for disease vectors like mosquitoes and houseflies, thereby controlling the spread of diseases.

How is solid waste disposed of in landfills?

In landfills, solid waste is dumped on low-lying land or in huge ditches, compressed, levelled, and then covered with a layer of soil daily to prevent open rotting and spread of scavengers.

What are biodegradable and nonbiodegradable items?

Biodegradable items are components of waste that can decay easily, while nonbiodegradable items are those that cannot decay.

Why is personal hygiene important?

Personal hygiene is important because it involves taking care of one’s own body parts to keep healthy and prevent the transmission of diseases, especially those transmitted through dirty hands and nails.

Explain the importance of covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.

Covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing is important to prevent the spread of communicable diseases by containing the droplets sprayed into the air, which may contain pathogens.

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