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04. Human Digestive System

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Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 04. Human Digestive System

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Answer in one line

What are the four key skills mentioned for 21st CENTURY SKILLS?

The four key skills mentioned are Remembering, Understanding, Analysing, and Critical Thinking.

List three reasons why we need food.

We need food for energy for various life processes, growth and repair of worn-out cells, and protection from diseases.

What is the definition of a nutrient?

Nutrients are all chemical compounds which nourish our body.

Name one processed food that is rich in carbohydrates.

Bread is one processed food that is rich in carbohydrates.

List two examples of energy-rich fats.

Two examples of energy-rich fats are butter and ghee.

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Proteins are body-building organic molecules essential for growth and repair of cells.

Name two good sources of proteins.

Milk and meat are two good sources of proteins.

Which vitamins can our body make on its own?

Our body can make vitamin D and K.

Besides growth and maintenance, state two other functions of vitamins in the body.

Vitamins help the body in proper use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and play an active role in many chemical reactions that take place in our body.

What is the main role of sodium and potassium minerals in the body?

Sodium and potassium maintain water balance in the body.

Define nutrition in simple terms.

Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain or synthesize their food and convert it into simple substances that can be absorbed and utilized by body cells.

What is the first step in the process of nutrition?

The first step in the process of nutrition is ingestion, which is the intake of food.

Name the two main sets of organs that form the human digestive system.

The two main sets of organs that form the human digestive system are the alimentary canal and the digestive glands.

How long is the small intestine compared to the large intestine?

The small intestine is longer, about 6 meters long, while the large intestine is about 1.5 meters long.

Name the three structures present in the buccal cavity.

The three structures present in the buccal cavity are teeth, tongue, and openings of salivary glands.

What are the four types of teeth found in humans?

The four types of teeth found in humans are incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Which are the hardest non-bony structures in the human body?

Teeth are the hardest non-bony structures in the human body.

At what age do milk teeth begin to appear in human beings?

Milk teeth begin to appear from the age of 6 months onwards.

What are the main functions of the tongue in digestion?

The tongue tastes the food, mixes saliva with food during chewing, pushes food towards teeth, helps in swallowing, and assists in speaking.

What is the opening of the windpipe in the pharynx called?

The opening of the windpipe in the pharynx is called the glottis.

What is the role of the uvula (epiglottis) in the pharynx?

The uvula (epiglottis) is a muscular flap that closes the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the windpipe.

What is peristalsis?

Peristalsis is the progressive wave of muscle contractions that proceeds along the wall of the oesophagus (and other parts of the alimentary canal), pushing food content forward.

What are the three substances secreted by gastric glands in the stomach?

Gastric glands in the stomach secrete gastric juice, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and mucus.

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Mucus protects the lining of the stomach from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid.

What are the two sphincters mentioned in relation to the stomach?

The two sphincters are the cardiac sphincter (guards opening of oesophagus to stomach) and the pyloric sphincter (guards opening of stomach to duodenum).

Approximately how long is the jejunum part of the small intestine?

The jejunum is approximately 8 feet (2.5 meters) long.

Which part of the small intestine receives bile juice and pancreatic juice?

The duodenum, the C-shaped part of the small intestine, receives bile juice and pancreatic juice.

Name the four parts into which the colon is divided.

The four parts into which the colon is divided are ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

What is the function of the vermiform appendix in humans?

In humans, the vermiform appendix is a blind tube arising from the caecum and is considered a non-functional or vestigial organ.

Name the three pairs of salivary glands.

The three pairs of salivary glands are present, but their specific names are not provided in the text.

Where is bile juice stored after being produced by the liver?

Bile juice is stored in the gall bladder.

What is the initial action of salivary amylase in the buccal cavity?

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of starch, breaking it down into maltose.

What is the pH of food in the stomach due to hydrochloric acid?

The pH of food in the stomach is made acidic, specifically pH 1.8, by hydrochloric acid.

Name the enzyme in gastric juice that digests milk protein.

Rennin is the enzyme in gastric juice that helps in the digestion of milk protein.

What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion?

Bile salts break down large fat globules into small droplets, a process called emulsification, which prepares them for the action of fat-digesting enzymes.

What are the end products of fat digestion?

The end products of fat digestion are glycerol and fatty acids.

How is the small intestine modified for efficient absorption of digested food?

The small intestine is modified for efficient absorption by its extreme length, the presence of numerous villi (finger-like projections), a very thin lining, a dense network of blood capillaries, and lacteals in each villus.

What happens to amino acids after they are absorbed and assimilated by body cells?

After absorption, amino acids are used by body cells for the synthesis of new proteins, which are utilized for forming enzymes and for the growth and repair of cells.

What are enzymes made up of?

Enzymes are made up of proteins.

Why are digestive enzymes called hydrolytic enzymes?

Digestive enzymes are called hydrolytic enzymes because they catalyse or speed up the digestion of food by breaking it into its basic units through hydrolysis (using water).

List two common symptoms of indigestion.

Two common symptoms of indigestion are bloating of the stomach (feeling of fullness) and belching, burping, or flatulence due to gas formation.

Name two causes of indigestion.

Two causes of indigestion are overeating or eating too fast, and eating oily, fried, and spicy food.

How is indigestion typically treated?

Indigestion is typically treated with antacids and antiflatulents.

What is the main benefit of including fruits and vegetables in the diet for long-term health?

Including fruits and vegetables in the diet lowers the risk of cancer, high blood pressure, heart attack, and diabetes.

Why should overcooked food be avoided?

Overcooked food should be avoided because cooking at high temperatures or in an open vessel for a long time can destroy essential vitamins in the food.

What is undernutrition?

Undernutrition is a state where the body receives less than the required nutrients, leading to weakness and sickness.

What is primarily needed for a malnourished child, according to the chapter?

According to the chapter, a malnourished child primarily needs a required amount of balanced diet.

Why do children need more proteins?

Children need more proteins because they are in the stage of rapid growth, requiring these building blocks for new cells and tissues.

What are the materials required from a balanced diet for growth and reproduction?

A balanced diet provides the materials required for growth and reproduction, along with energy and materials to repair damaged cells or tissues.

Why should we eat different foods every day?

We should eat different foods every day because different foods have different nutrients, and eating a variety ensures we obtain all the necessary nutrients for overall health.

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