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02. The Flower

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Answer in one line

Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 02. The Flower

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Answer in one line

What is the thalamus in a flower?
The thalamus is the upper swollen end of the pedicel to which all the floral parts are attached.
What is the function of sepals in a flower?
Sepals enclose and protect the inner whorls of a flower when it is in the bud stage.
Where are pollen grains formed within a flower?
Pollen grains are formed in the pollen sacs located within the anther of a stamen.
What happens to the ovary and ovules after fertilisation?
After fertilisation, the ovary matures into a fruit, and the ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds.
Why are androecium and gynoecium called essential whorls?
Androecium and gynoecium are called essential whorls because they are the reproductive organs of a flower and directly participate in fertilisation and seed formation.
Give two examples of bisexual flowers.
Two examples of bisexual flowers are China rose (Hibiscus) and Pea.
What is an inflorescence?
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers borne on a twig or branch.
List two ornamental values of flowers.
Flowers are used for decoration and for their fragrance.
What is the primary function of flowers in plant reproduction?
The primary function of flowers is to produce male and female gametes and facilitate sexual reproduction to form seeds for new plants.
How does cross-pollination differ from self-pollination in terms of pollen source?
In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from a flower on one plant to a flower on a different plant of the same species, while in self-pollination, pollen transfer occurs within the same flower or between flowers on the same plant.
What are two characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers?
Wind-pollinated flowers are typically colourless or dull, tiny, without fragrance, and produce light, dry pollen grains in large numbers.
Explain how insects aid in pollination.
Insects aid in pollination by picking up powdery pollen grains on their bodies when visiting a flower for nectar, and then brushing these pollen grains onto the stigma of another flower they visit.
Which type of aquatic plants are pollinated by insects despite being in water?
Aquatic plants like Lotus and Trapa are pollinated by insects because their flowers are exposed to the air.
What is a pollen tube and what is its role?
A pollen tube is a structure that forms when a pollen grain germinates on the stigma, and its role is to grow through the style to deliver male gametes to the ovule for fertilisation.
What are the three layers of the pericarp?
The three layers of the pericarp are the epicarp (outermost), mesocarp (middle), and endocarp (innermost).
In walnut, what part forms the hard shell that surrounds the edible seed?
In walnut, the wall of the ovary develops into a hard shell that surrounds the edible seed.
How do dry fruits and fleshy fruits differ in their pericarp?
In dry fruits, the pericarp is dry, thin, and non-edible, while in fleshy fruits, the pericarp or parts of it are soft and pulpy.
What is the botanical definition of a fruit?
Botanically, a fruit is a ripened ovary that contains seeds.
Name the three main parts of a seed.
The three main parts of a seed are the seed coat, embryo, and endosperm.
What is the function of cotyledons in dicotyledonous seeds?
In dicotyledonous seeds, cotyledons are fleshy and primarily store food for the growing embryo.
List two advantages of seed dispersal.
Two advantages of seed dispersal are that it ensures wide distribution of seeds and prevents competition for food, space, and light due to overcrowding.
How are seeds dispersed by wind typically adapted?
Seeds dispersed by wind are typically small and light in weight, often bearing hair tufts or wings to facilitate floating in the air.
What is imbibition in the context of seed germination?
Imbibition is the process where a seed swells up by taking in water, which is the initial step in seed germination.
What happens to the radicle and plumule during seed germination?
During seed germination, the radicle grows downwards into the soil to form the root system, while the plumule grows upwards to form the shoot of the young plant.
Give an example of a seed that undergoes epigeal germination.
An example of a seed that undergoes epigeal germination is a bean seed.
Why is oxygen necessary for seed germination?
Oxygen is necessary for seed germination because it is required for the oxidation of stored food, which releases the energy needed for the embryo’s growth and cell division.
Why do seeds planted deeper in the soil often fail to germinate?
Seeds planted deeper in the soil often fail to germinate because they do not get sufficient oxygen to respire and produce the energy required for germination.
How does temperature affect seed germination?
Temperature affects the growth rate and metabolism of the seed; different seeds require specific optimum temperature ranges for successful germination, and temperatures outside this range can hinder it.
What remarkable fact is known about the germination ability of some very old lotus seeds?
Some lotus seeds, even 10,000 years old, have been known to germinate under suitable conditions, demonstrating their remarkable longevity in dormancy.
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