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06. Air And Atmosphere

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Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 06. Air And Atmosphere

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What is the basic characteristic of air that allows us to feel its presence?
We can feel the presence of air when it moves, which is then called wind.
How does the atmosphere contribute to maintaining life on Earth in terms of temperature?
The atmosphere maintains the temperature on Earth, preventing extreme burning or freezing conditions that would make life impossible.
Name two key characteristics of air besides its gaseous nature.
Air has mass and it occupies space.
State one evidence that shows air is a mixture rather than a compound, related to energy change or component properties.
When components of air are mixed, there is no change in energy, and the individual components retain their properties, unlike in compound formation.
Why can air not be represented by a chemical formula like a compound?
Air cannot be represented by a chemical formula because its composition is not fixed and its components are not chemically bonded.
How does the separability of air’s components differentiate it from a compound?
The components of air can be separated by simple physical methods, whereas components of a compound can only be separated by chemical methods.
Give an example of how the composition of air varies from place to place or with time.
In the rainy season, air contains more water vapour compared to the summer season, and the amount of oxygen is less on mountains compared to plains.
Briefly explain what happens when you tilt an inverted glass submerged in water.
When an inverted glass submerged in water is tilted, the air trapped inside the glass escapes in the form of bubbles, allowing water to enter and fill the space.
How do aquatic animals like fish obtain oxygen from water?
Aquatic animals obtain oxygen from the air that is dissolved in water.
What is the primary function of oxygen in the process of respiration?
In respiration, oxygen reacts with digested food (glucose) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy necessary for all bodily activities.
Write the simple word equation for the process of respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Why do organisms like earthworms come out of the soil during heavy rains?
Organisms like earthworms come out of the soil during heavy rains because the soil gets filled with water, reducing the air trapped between soil particles, forcing them out to breathe.
How does the presence of air in soil become evident when water is added to it?
When water is added to soil, small bubbles are observed, indicating the presence of air trapped between the soil particles.
What is the primary function of oxygen in the process of burning?
Oxygen supports burning; without it, substances cannot combust.
In the experiment showing plant respiration, why does the limewater in flask B turn milky?
The limewater in flask B turns milky because the potted plant inside the bell jar respires, producing carbon dioxide, which then reacts with the limewater.
Write the simple word equation for the process of burning or combustion.
Fuel + Oxygen → Heat + Light + Carbon dioxide + Water vapour
List two applications where fuels are used to generate energy.
Fuels are used to cook food and to run automobiles.
How is coal formed, and where is it obtained from?
Coal is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of living organisms, and it is obtained from coal mines.
Name two products obtained from petroleum.
Petrol and kerosene are two products obtained from petroleum.
What is the purpose of adding ethyl mercaptan to LPG?
Ethyl mercaptan is added to LPG to give it a strong smell, which helps to detect any gas leakage for safety reasons, as LPG itself is odorless.
State one difference between respiration and burning regarding their nature (natural/artificial) and continuity.
Respiration is a natural and continuous process, while burning is an artificial and discontinuous process.
At what temperature does respiration typically take place compared to burning?
Respiration takes place at body temperature, while burning takes place at a higher temperature.
Write the simple word equation for the process of photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide + Water Food (Glucose) + Oxygen
Besides its role in fire extinguishers and dry ice, what common beverage application uses carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide is used to prepare fizzy soft drinks.
How do animals obtain nitrogen for their growth?
Animals obtain nitrogen by eating plants directly or by consuming other animals that eat plants.
How is nitrogen returned to the soil to maintain its balance in nature after plants and animals die?
When plants and animals die, they decay, and their nitrogen compounds are returned to the soil, which helps balance the amount of nitrogen in nature.
Name two items that air helps to dry.
Air helps to dry clothes and grains.
Provide the word equation for the chemical process of rusting.
Iron + Oxygen + Water → Hydrated iron oxide (rust)
What two conditions are necessary for the rusting of iron to occur?
The presence of oxygen (air) and water vapour (moisture) are necessary for rusting.
Explain how the burning of fuels affects the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in nature.
The burning of fuels consumes oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide, impacting the natural balance by taking one gas and producing the other.
What are air pollutants?
Air pollutants are harmful and unwanted substances that contaminate the air, such as sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, dust, and smoke.
Name two natural causes of air pollution.
Two natural causes of air pollution are volcanic eruptions and forest fires.
What is smog and how does it affect daily life?
Smog is a type of air pollution that reduces the visibility on roads, frequently leading to road and train accidents.
Name two greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide.
Methane and oxides of nitrogen are two greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide.
Which type of fuel is preferable for vehicles to reduce air pollution: petrol/diesel or CNG?
CNG is preferable for vehicles to reduce air pollution because it is a cleaner fuel.
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