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02. Matter

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Answer in one line

Prepared by: learnloophq@gmail.com
Last edited 25 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 02. Matter

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Answer in one line

What is a material?
A material is a substance from which a specific thing or object is made.
Name two things that are not considered matter.
Two things not considered matter are heat and sound, as they do not have mass or occupy space.
How is living matter different from non-living matter?
Living matter grows, moves, and reproduces on its own, whereas non-living matter does not.
Give an example of natural matter.
An example of natural matter is rock, which is found in nature.
What are the two common properties of all types of matter?
The two common properties of all types of matter are that they have mass and they occupy space.
Can air be felt, even if it cannot be seen?
Yes, air can be felt, for instance, as wind, even though it is invisible to the eye.
What is the main difference between an atom and a molecule regarding independent existence?
An atom is the smallest particle that exhibits properties of matter but does not have an independent existence, while a molecule is the smallest particle that exhibits all properties of matter and has an independent existence.
Who gave evidence for the existence of Brownian motion?
Robert Brown gave evidence for the existence of Brownian motion.
What is kinetic energy in relation to particles of matter?
Kinetic energy in relation to particles of matter refers to the energy they possess that causes them to be in a continuous, random motion.
What is the difference between cohesive and adhesive forces?
Cohesive force is the attraction between particles of the same kind, while adhesive force is the attraction between particles of different kinds.
What happens to intermolecular space as the intermolecular force of attraction decreases?
As the intermolecular force of attraction decreases, the intermolecular space between matter particles increases.
List the three properties that decide the state of matter.
The three properties that decide the state of matter are intermolecular space, intermolecular force of attraction, and the movement of molecules.
How do molecules move in a solid state?
In a solid state, molecules are not free to move from one position to another; they only vibrate about their fixed positions.
Why are solids incompressible?
Solids are incompressible because their molecules are already very closely packed with negligible intermolecular space, leaving almost no room for further compression.
Why are liquids not rigid?
Liquids are not rigid because their intermolecular space is greater than in solids, and the intermolecular force of attraction is weaker, allowing molecules to move within the liquid’s boundaries.
Do liquids diffuse easily into other liquids?
Yes, liquids can easily diffuse into other liquids, allowing their particles to intermix.
Why do gases flow in all directions?
Gases flow in all directions because the intermolecular force of attraction in gases is negligible, allowing their molecules to move absolutely freely and randomly throughout any available space.
Give an example of a liquid insoluble in water mentioned in the chapter.
An example of a liquid insoluble in water mentioned in the chapter is oil.
What is the interconversion of states of matter?
Interconversion of states of matter is the process where matter changes from one state to another and can revert to its original state without altering its chemical composition, typically by changes in temperature or pressure.
What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when a solid is heated during melting?
When a solid is heated during melting, the kinetic energy of its particles increases, causing them to vibrate more vigorously.
What is the key difference in temperature between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature called the boiling point, whereas evaporation occurs at any temperature below the boiling point.
What is condensation point?
Condensation point is the fixed temperature at which a vapor changes into its liquid state upon cooling.
What happens to naphthalene balls over time when left out?
Naphthalene balls reduce in size over time when left out because they undergo sublimation, directly changing from a solid to a vapor without passing through a liquid state.
How does increasing pressure affect the state of a gas?
Increasing pressure on a gas, especially when combined with reduced temperature, can cause its intermolecular forces to increase due to decreased intermolecular space, leading the gas to change into a liquid state.
What happens to the volume of solids, liquids, and gases when they are cooled?
When solids, liquids, and gases are cooled, their volume generally contracts or decreases.
Provide an example of a chemical change caused by heating.
An example of a chemical change caused by heating is the burning of paper, which transforms it into ash with entirely different properties.
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