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01. Introduction To Chemistry

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Chapter: 01. Introduction To Chemistry

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What is the definition of Science?
Science is the systematic knowledge gained by humans through observations and experimentation.
What is a scientist?
A scientist is a person who has vast knowledge of Science and is engaged in scientific research.
How is Chemistry defined in the context of matter?
Chemistry is defined as the branch of Science that deals with the study of the composition and the physical and chemical properties of various forms of matter.
Give two examples of everyday things made with the knowledge of Chemistry.
Toothpastes and soaps are two examples of everyday things made with the knowledge of Chemistry.
What was the primary goal of alchemists related to metals?
The primary goal of alchemists related to metals was to find a magical substance that could turn iron and copper into gold.
Name two techniques developed by alchemists that contributed to Chemistry.
Two techniques developed by alchemists were processes to extract metals from their ores and mixing different metals to form alloys.
Name two specific items that alchemists learned to make from glass.
Alchemists learned to make glass beads and artificial pearls.
What specific application did alchemists find for dyes?
Alchemists used dyes in textiles and for painting palaces and tombs.
Where did alchemy initially develop?
Alchemy initially developed in Egypt and China.
How did modern Chemistry emerge from alchemy?
By the 18th century, modern Chemistry separated from alchemy, but it still owes a great deal to the processes and substances developed by alchemists.
What was Dmitri Mendeleev’s major contribution to Chemistry?
Dmitri Mendeleev’s major contribution was creating the Periodic Table of elements and predicting the properties of undiscovered elements.
What significant role did Antoine Lavoisier discover for oxygen?
Antoine Lavoisier discovered the significant role of oxygen in combustion and respiration.
What did John Dalton propose about the composition of matter?
John Dalton proposed that matter consists of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
Who proposed Boyle’s law, which states the behavior of gases?
Robert Boyle proposed Boyle’s law, which describes the behavior of gases.
What were Ernest Rutherford’s key contributions to Chemistry?
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus of an atom and also worked on radioactivity.
Who discovered Hydrogen?
Henry Cavendish discovered Hydrogen.
What laws did Michael Faraday propose regarding electricity and chemical reactions?
Michael Faraday proposed the laws of electrolysis, which describe the relationship between electricity and chemical changes.
What is the main purpose of fertilisers in agriculture?
The main purpose of fertilisers in agriculture is to provide essential nutrients to crops, helping to increase agricultural production.
What are insecticides used for?
Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects that harm crops.
Name two specific examples of insecticides.
Heptachlor and BHC are two specific examples of insecticides.
What is Bordeaux mixture, and what is its use in agriculture?
Bordeaux mixture is an example of a fungicide, used to protect crops from fungi.
What is food processing?
Food processing is the method of combining raw food ingredients using physical and chemical techniques to create marketable and ready-to-use food products.
Name two chemical preservatives used for food.
Benzoic acid and sodium bisulphite are two chemical preservatives used for food.
What is the main function of an analgesic medicine?
The main function of an analgesic medicine is to reduce body pain.
What is the effect of an antacid?
An antacid reduces the excessive acid in the stomach, providing relief from indigestion.
Name two commonly used medicines that are products of chemistry research.
Penicillin and aspirin are two commonly used medicines that are products of chemistry research.
Name two common synthetic fibres developed due to Chemistry.
Nylon and polyester are two common synthetic fibres developed due to Chemistry.
What are cosmetics used for?
Cosmetics are products used to clean, protect, and enhance the external appearance of the human body.
Besides talcum powder, name two other types of cosmetics that are made of chemical compounds.
Lipsticks and perfumes are two other types of cosmetics made of chemical compounds.
In what ways has Chemistry helped in the growth of industries?
Chemistry has helped in the growth of industries by enabling the production of diverse goods like dyes, drugs, plastics, steel, textiles, and cleansing agents.
How does Chemistry contribute to the field of transport?
Chemistry contributes to transport by providing essential fuels like LPG, petrol, and diesel, which power various vehicles.
How is coal primarily used as an energy resource?
Coal is primarily used for generating electricity.
What are two other substances obtained from petroleum besides petrol and diesel?
Bitumen and various petrochemicals are two other substances obtained from petroleum.
What are enzymes in the human body?
Enzymes are chemical substances secreted in the body that help to carry out various chemical reactions necessary for bodily functions.
What role do hormones play as chemical substances in the body?
Hormones are chemical substances that control various activities and functions within the body.
Mention one harmful aspect of Chemistry related to the environment.
One harmful aspect is that the excessive use of fertilisers and pesticides can harm the environment by causing pollution.
What potential harm can chemicals in cosmetics and food preservatives cause?
Chemicals used in cosmetics and as food preservatives may potentially harm the skin and other body organs.
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