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06. Major Crops

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Last edited 43 days ago by Learn LoopHQ.

Chapter: 06. Major Crops

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What are the two types of crops studied in this chapter?
The two types of crops studied in this chapter are food crops and cash crops.
Name two cereal crops.
Two cereal crops are rice and wheat.
Name two pulses grown in India.
Two pulses grown in India are gram and tur.
When is the rabi crop harvested?
The rabi crop is harvested around February and March.
What are fodder crops used for?
Fodder crops are mainly grown for the purpose of feeding and fattening livestock.
What is the ideal soil for rice cultivation?
Fertile and clayey soil that holds water, such as deep fertile clayey and loamy soil, is ideal for rice cultivation.
Which regions in India are major rice cultivation areas?
Major rice cultivation areas in India include the Gangetic Plains, the Brahmaputra Plains, and the eastern and western coastal regions.
Why is wheat considered vulnerable to climate change?
Wheat is vulnerable to climate change because lower levels of moisture at planting time or high temperatures during ripening can seriously threaten the crop.
What percentage of India’s total wheat production is contributed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana?
Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana together produce about 60 percent of India’s total wheat.
How do cash crops differ from food crops in terms of purpose?
Cash crops are primarily grown for sale in the market to earn profits, while food crops are grown mainly to provide food for people and for the farmer’s own consumption.
What is ethanol, and what is it used for?
Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid that can be obtained from sugar cane and is used for fuel and industrial alcohol.
What factors contributed to the success of the sugar industry in India?
The success of the sugar industry in India is attributed to the combined efforts of the Central and State Governments, farmers, sugar mills, ethanol distilleries, and other industries in the country.
Which two distinct belts produce sugar cane in India?
The two distinct belts producing sugar cane in India are the northern belt (Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar) and the southern belt (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh).
What is the historical significance of cotton cultivation in India?
Cotton cultivation in India began around 3000 BCE in the Indus Valley Civilization, leading India to often be referred to as the ‘birthplace of cotton’.
What makes black soil ideal for growing cotton crops in India?
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton due to its high clay content and good capacity to retain water.
What is another name for jute, and why is it called that?
Jute is also known as the ‘golden fibre’ because of its shiny, golden-brown colour and natural lustre.
What was the value of India’s jute product exports in 2022?
In 2022, India exported jute products valued at more than ₹37,000 million to other countries.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of jute?
West Bengal is the largest jute-producing state in India, both in area and production.
What distinguishes plantation crops from other cash crops?
Plantation crops are cash crops grown on a very large scale across extensive agricultural land areas.
What is the most common beverage globally, after water?
Tea is the most common beverage globally, after water.
Why is tea cultivation considered labour intensive?
Tea cultivation is labour intensive because the beverage is prepared from tea leaves that must be plucked with care from tea bushes, often by hand.
Name two government initiatives aimed at improving living conditions for tea plantation workers in India.
Two government initiatives are the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which strive to provide housing and sanitation facilities for all citizens, including tea plantation workers.
What are the four types of coffee, and which ones does India produce?
The four types of coffee are Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa, and Liberica; India produces Arabica and Robusta.
Why is coffee generally grown under large shady trees?
Coffee is generally grown under large shady trees because it is sensitive to strong, direct sun and thrives better in shade.
What is latex, and how is it collected?
Latex is the sap of the rubber tree, which is collected in small cups attached to the tree with the help of wires through a process called tapping.
What is vulcanization, and who invented it?
Vulcanization is a process that improves the properties of rubber, and it was invented by Charles Goodyear.
Where did the Green Revolution primarily originate before coming to India?
The Green Revolution primarily originated in Mexico and the Philippines, where new varieties of wheat, maize, and rice were developed.
What were the acute challenges India faced before the Green Revolution?
Before the Green Revolution, India faced acute food shortages and was importing huge quantities of grain, especially wheat, mainly from the USA.
How did the Green Revolution impact the demand for agricultural machines?
The Green Revolution led to large-scale farm mechanization, which significantly increased the demand for agricultural machines like tractors, threshers, combine harvesters, diesel engines, pumping sets, and electric motors.
How did the Green Revolution change the attitude of Indian farmers towards agriculture?
The Green Revolution changed the basic attitude of Indian farmers, who had traditionally used conventional methods, by encouraging them to adopt new methods and techniques of farming.
Besides increased production, what was a major economic benefit of the Green Revolution for India?
A major economic benefit was that India became self-sufficient in food grains, drastically reducing imports and creating surplus stock for export.
Name two environmental drawbacks of the Green Revolution.
Two environmental drawbacks include the depletion of the natural rejuvenating capacity of the soil due to extreme dependence on artificial fertilizers and pesticides, and water pollution caused by these chemicals harming biodiversity.
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