SD_WM_Literature

This study investigates whether altruistic sharing in 4- to 6-year-old children, assessed by a dictator game (DG), is related to three measures of executive functioning, that is, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. We found that children who turned out to be altruistic in the DG performed better on an inhibition task than non-altruists did.

Focusing on dictators with medium or low cognitive ability, the higher the cognitive ability, the lower are both giving probability and amount.

. Working memory did not mediate the relation betweenlanguage and theory of mind, nor did it facilitate later false belie

These multiple regression analyses indicate that working memory and inhibition make small, overlapping contributions to false-belief performance after accounting for age, but that working memory, as measured in this study, is a somewhat better predictor of false-belief understanding than is inhibition.

The relation between cognitive inhibition and ToM involved a single mediated path, such that cognitive inhibition predicted ToM through working memory. Frontal injury had a direct impact on working memory, which then separately determined ToM performance, the direct single paths between frontal injury and ToM being nonsignificant.

Although second-order syntactic recursion is significantly correlated with the second-order false belief task, results of ordinal logistic regressions revealed that the main predictor of second-order false belief reasoning is complex working memory span. Unlike simple working memory and second-order syntactic recursion tasks, the complex working memory task required processing information serially with additional reasoning demands that require complex working memory strategies.

The ADHD group had a larger discrepancy between ultimatum game and dic-tator game offers than controls, indicating strategic rather than fairness driven decisions.

In our experiment, subjects played a Önitely repeated multi-player prisonerísdilemma game under two cognitive load treatments. In one treatment, subjects wereplaced under a high cognitive load (given a 7 digit number to recall) and subjects in theother were placed under a low cognitive load (given a 2 digit number). According to twodi§erent measures, we Önd evidence that the low load subjects behaved more strategically.

To test whether humans use the kind of cooperative strategies predicted, we asked students to play the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game either continuously or interrupted after each round by a secondary memory task (i.e., playing the game “Memory”) that constrained the students’ working-memory capacity. When playing without interruption, most students used “Pavlovian” strategies, as predicted, for greater memory capacity, and the rest used “generous tit-for-tat” strategies. The proportion of generous tit-for-tat strategies increased when games of Memory interfered with the subjects’ working memory, as predicted. Students who continued to use complex Pavlovian strategies were less successful in the Memory game, but more successful in the Prisoner’s Dilemma

We …nd that subjects who perform better on the Math portion of the SAT

are more generous in both the dictator game and the SVO measure. By contrast we …nd

that subjects with a higher GPA are more sel…sh in the dictator game and more generous

according to the SVO.

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The current research has identified and investigated an important aspect of organizational decision making – calculations –

and has consistently shown that it can have unintendedly negative

consequences. After engaging in a calculative task, people in our

experiments were increasingly likely to succumb to the temptations of higher payoffs by acting more selfishly or dishonestly

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The current research has identified and investigated an important aspect of organizational decision making – calculations –

and has consistently shown that it can have unintendedly negative

consequences. After engaging in a calculative task, people in our

experiments were increasingly likely to succumb to the temptations of higher payoffs by acting more selfishly or dishonestly

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We find that subjects in a high-load

condition are more generous - they more often choose the fair allocation than subjects in a

low-load condition.

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