1.3. G
Explain the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time.
Thematic Focus: Cultural Developments and Interactions
3.1 IIIDiv
Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia.
1.2 E
Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time.
Thematic Focus: Governance
3.2 IBi
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.
After the fall of the Gupta, southern India was stable while northern India was not: southern India was more stable: established two kingdoms: Chola dynasty and Vijayanagara empire. Chola expanded to modern day Sri Lanka, which was then known as Ceylon Vijayanagara empire was successful for abt 200 years northern India was less stable: Rajput kingdoms formed after the fall of the Gupta was split up and fought a lot amongst themselves impossible to make a centralized govt; leading to disunity and vulnerability to Muslim attacks Muslim armies conquered Delhi and enough of northern south Asia to establish Delhi Sultanate in early 13th cent. Delhi Sultanate was hard to regulate bc they didn’t organize empire well enough. = MORE DISUNITY Southeast Asia:
Was important since trade routes that went from South Asia to East Asia passed through the region - whoever controlled this trade could profit commodities such as gold, silver, metal goods, textiles, and spices went through this region SOUTHEAST ASIAN MERCHANTS WERE THE FIRST TO CONVERT TO ISLAM BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO BE BESTIES WITH THE MUSLIM TRADERS AND PROFIT OFF OF THEIR FRIENDSHIPS HINDU/BUDDHIST STATES (illustrative examples):
Rajput kingdoms, North Indian:
they were formed after the fall of the Gupta the kingdoms warred a lot amongst themselves made it impossible to make a centralized government, which made them disunited and vulnerable to Muslim attacks Vijayanagara Empire, South Indian:
began with the arrival of two (originally Hindu) brothers that were sent from the Delhi Sultanate since the Delhi wanted to extend their rule to southern India these brothers, instead, converted back to Hindu and founded the empire (mid 1300s) the empire existed until Muslim kingdoms overthrew it in the mid 1500s Srivijaya Empire, sea-based in Southeast Asia:
prospered off of controlling Indian Ocean trade controlled the Strait of Malacca they used their navy to block and charge ships that traveled between India and China they had a plentiful supply of gold and access to popular spices they became a major center of Buddhist observance and teaching Majapahit Kingdom, sea-based in Southeast Asia:
they prospered by controlling trade routes that went between India and China Khmer Empire, land based in Southeast Asia:
they built complex irrigation and drainage systems, which allowed their farmers to harvest crops multiple times a year Drainage systems lessened monsoon rain damage temples had Hindu artwork/deities, but they later became Buddhist so Buddhist artwork was added on Angkor Wat : majestic Buddhist temple originally was Hindu, decorated by Hindu pictures etc. but later became Buddhist a great example of architecture influenced by religion Sukhothai Kingdom, Southeast Asia:
they invaded the Khmer Empire and forced the Khmers out in 1431 
1.3 : Developments in South and Southeast Asia