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UNDP Study Material

Agenda - Accelerating the creation of inclusive and sustainable industrial development

Mandate

The United Nations of Development Programme, also known as UNDP, is a UN committee devoted to advocating healthy, inclusive, and continuous development, democratic governance, peacemaking, and disaster resilience in countries to eradicate poverty. UNDP was created by the merging of the United Nations Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance and the United Nations Special Fund in 1965 by the General Assembly of the United Nations. UNDP is dedicated to reducing poverty in 170 different countries and terrorities by supporting the countries in getting through national and local development challenges.

https://undp.org⁠

Inclusive and sustainable industrial development

This is the main income source for many people and allows for greater living standards. Industrialization will occur through technology and innovation and allows for development. This industrial development have to include every country and allow for equal opportunities in order to be deemed “inclusive.” It must also address stop/prevent activities requiring excessive resources being used for industrial purposes that often results in negative effects on the environment, which allows for this industrial development to also be deemed “sustainable.” This means that this industrial progress will help all aspects and members of society.

Four principles:

No one left behind (prosperity shared among everyone to address societal needs).

All countries have more industrialization within their economies (economies more closely linked through globalization).

Greater economic/social progress that is sustainable for the environment.

Knowledge and resources utilized to have greatest impact.

Sustainable Development Goals

In order to annihilate poverty, the UN has come up with 17 different Sustainable Development Goals (also known as Global Goals) in 2015 to guarantee that all people around the globe will no longer be chained to poverty and hunger by 2030. These are the following Sustainable Development Goals made by the UN:

No Poverty

Zero Hunger

Good Health and Well-Being

Quality Education

Gender Equality

Clean Water and Sanitation

Affordable and Clean Energy

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Reduced Inequalities

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Responsible Consumption and Production

Climate Action

Life Below Water

Life on Land

Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

Partnerships for the Goals

Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Goal #9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure emphasize how promoting inclusivity and sustainability in industrialization and fostering innovations are important to society.

In fact, according to the UN, global manufacturing has exponentially increased after the Covid-19 pandemic, but the Least Developed Countries are suffering from a lack of manufacturing growth. Moreover, small industries are devastated by a lack of access to financial support and loans, with only 1/3 of the small industries benefiting from them. Higher-technology-based industries are more unlikely to suffer from the economical crisis than the lower-technology-based with a manufacturing production index of 130 for higher-tech-based industries and 110 for the lower-tech-based industries. Furthermore, while 4G coverage doubled, reaching 88% of the population in the world, some of the Least Developed Countries are struggling with providing internet coverage for their citizens, with 17% of the population in the Least Developed Countries without coverage.

History in Europe/Central Asia

Various goals are set up by UNIDO based on the area of Europe a country resides in. In South-East Europe, the goals are to reduce poverty, create sustainable economic development, protect the environment, and improve renewable and efficient energy sources. In Central Asia, the goals are to enhance legal reforms, reduce poverty, improve energy efficiency, improve economic growth, protect the environment, improve industrial parks, and improve investment. In Eastern Europe, the goals are to develop the economy, improve investment, protect the environment, and improve waste/water management. In South Caucasus, the goals are to develop the economy, improve trade capacity building, protect the environment, improve waste/water management, and enhance industrial parks.

Countries are grouped by income. The high income countries are Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Malta, Poland, Russian Federation, Slovakia and Slovenia. The upper-middle income countries are Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and Turkmenistan. The lower-middle income countries are Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The only low income country in this area is Tajikistan.

There are also different projects and different levels of development in various countries. In Hungary, there is a knowledge-sourcing platform for social inclusion of marginalized communities. In Kazakhstan, there is a program focusing on industrial modernization; industrial energy efficiency; sub-contracting. In Poland, they have developed trade capacity-building training programs. The Russian Federation is the largest donor for projects in Central Asia. Slovenia is the biggest per capita donor (renewable energy + water management), which allows for the development of projects with a more profound impact. Turkey is also a donor for UNIDO to help with these projects. Azerbaijan financed the Baku International Industry Conference (improving industrial policy).

The East-South Triangular Cooperation in ECA helps to improve business between Brazil and the Russian Federation. The major output is developing the technology universe between the member countries.

There is also the field of gender empowerment. Ukraine hosted a conference regarding women in the financial and industrial sectors.

History in Asia and Pacific Region

There are various regional projects occurring involving UNIDO in this part of the world. The projects include the Post-Harvest Survey, creating market access and trade support for South Asian LDC’s, trade capacity building, the UNIDO-ASEAN Joint Expert Group Meeting, the New Silk Road Economic Belt (NSREB), the Maritime and Continental Silk Road (MCSR), and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar “Economic Corridor” (industrial parks in member states).

Different projects are occurring in various countries. In Pakistan, there is an investment promotion unit (to improve the business sector). In Cambodia, there is a program to provide employment and business opportunities. This allows for more equitable opportunities. In Malaysia, there is a Sustainable Supplier Network Development Programme (SSDP). In China, there is disposing of pesticides. There are also inclusive development programs in Iran and Vietnam. In Iran, there is footwear production. In Vietnam, there is technology and improved skills (fruits/vegetables sector).

In the TC Programme, UNIDO is helping 11 LDCs (Least Developed Countries) through strengthening agricultural+industrial+manufacturing+trade capacities. 20 countries are involved and there 179 current projects taking place in this area of the world. The following are focused on when doing projects: argo-industries and processing, development (skills, technology, investment), environment (clean production system)*, energy (efficiency and renewable)*, trade capacity building (infrastructure)*. The symbol * is used for most focused on projects.

MICS (Middle-income countries) are composed of 13 countries (51% of area’s GDP). Their goal is to strengthen platforms + networks using UNIDO and create more links between finance and industrial development to increase development. UNIDO has helped increase regional integration and connectivity.

SIDs (Pacific Island Countries) are composed of the countries Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.

For LDCs, there are projects in the fields of agri-buciness, private sector development, cluster development, trade-related technical assistance, industrial policies and statistics, cleaner production systems, and renewable energy. There were also programs regarding economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion.

One of UNIDO’s partners is ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). ASEAN is composed of the following countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Another partner is SAARC (South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation). SAARC is composed of the following countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, the Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Another partner is PIF (Pacific Island Forum), which six pacific island countries are part of. Another partner is ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization), which 3 states in Asia and the Pacific Region are part of. Another partner is SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization). This organization is composed of the following countries: China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Another partner is the D-8, which includes development in Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey.

History in Africa

In Africa, economies are growing rapidly with annual GDP growth rate being 5% (2008-2013). There was increase in manufacturing value added. There are still some industrial challenges, including limited infrastructure, growing unemployment, skills shortage, and limited private sector/SME development opportunities.

One plan in place is the African Union Action Plan for the Accelerated Industrial Development of Africa (AIDA). This plan includes the industrial policy development and management/innovation, skills development, renewable energy, and trade capacity building. Another plan is the AU/NEPAD Action Plan on Advancing Regional and Continental Integration in Africa. This plan includes socio-economic development. Another plan is the African Union Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa. This plan includes developing the pharmaceutical sector (public heath benefit + economic development). Another plan is the African Agribusiness and Argo-industries development initiative. This plan includes developing greater resource-based comparative advantages. Another plan is the Istanbul Plan of action. This addresses challenges faced by LDC’s. Another plan is the Vienna Programme of Action. This addresses the needs of LLDCs (Landlocked Developing Countries), which helps with integration into the global economy.

Some meetings/conferences include CAMI-20 (reflect on African Industrial development), the Land-Locked Developing Countries Conference (sustainable energy investments), and African Industrialization Day (better economic development in Africa).

Sources

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https://www.unido.org/inclusive-and-sustainable-industrial-development⁠

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https://www.undp.org/⁠

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https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-06/UNIDO_in_EUR_CA_Region.pdf⁠

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https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-06/UNIDO_in_ASP_Region.pdf⁠

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https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-06/UNIDO_in_Africa_Region.pdf⁠

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https://www.undp.org/about-us/faqs⁠

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https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/Goal-09/⁠

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