Evidence of Learning

Compilation vs. Interpretation

Compilation vs. Interpretation

Name

Advantages

Disadvantages

Compilation

Efficiency

Portability

Security

Development time

Platform dependent

Difficult to debug

Interpretation

Easy to setup and develop

Platform independent

Dynamic type for code modification

Performance overhead

Dependent on interpreter

Reduced security

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Steps in Translation

Lexical Analysis

Reads the code character by character and removes redundant characters before labelling each operator with a token.

Syntactical Analysis

Determines logic of the code generated by the lexical analysis. Also involves an examination of whether the identified statements follow correct syntax.

Code Generation

Code generation is the process of automatically producing code based on some input, including high-level specifications, data models, or other types of descriptions.

Machine Code and Program Execution

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General Role of Computer Components

Program Counter

The Program Counter (PC) is a register that holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed.

Memory Address Register

The Memory Address Register (MAR) contains the memory address of the data that needs to be accessed from the memory.

Memory Data Register

The Memory Data Register (MDR) holds the data that has been read from or will be written to memory.

Instruction Register

The Instruction Register (IR) holds the current instruction being executed.

Control Unit

The Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the flow of data within the computer. It interprets instructions fetched from memory and generates the necessary signals to execute them.

ALU

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.

Accumulator

The Accumulator (ACC) is a register that stores intermediate results during computations.

Buses

Buses are communication lines that allow data to be transferred between components within the computer. There are three types of buses: data bus, address bus, and control bus. The data bus carries data between the CPU and memory or input/output devices. The address bus carries memory addresses between the CPU and memory. The control bus carries control signals between components.