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zkSync vs. Starkware

⁠

image from zksync doc

Adding fraud proof support for light clients becomes very important

zkSync

zkSync is a user-centric zk rollup platform from Matter Labs (opens new window). It is a scaling solution for Ethereum, already live on Ethereum mainnet. 【“Alex Gluchowski : zkSync — first EVM-compatible zkRollup”】

Starkware

StarkWare develops STARK-based solutions for the blockchain industry. Our products enable a secure, trustless, and scalable operating for blockchain applications.

⬆️ from their into&mission state, we can tell that their focus is kind of different.

SNARK vs. STARK

⁠

I will compare both projects in different topics

So @zksync and @StarkWare are two mainly zk L2 scaling solution for ETH.

Common points

There will be a rollup smart contract inserted into the Ethereum blockchain to store the zk proof of the L2 state transition. In addition, there will be two options for data storage to provide power for the network.

Prover (prover): a small number of nodes responsible for heavy work. They are responsible for calculating all transactions and aggregating them into a concise zk proof. They run on specialized hardware (can be considered a black box).

Validator: A large number of nodes responsible for anti-censorship. They verify the validity of the proof submitted by the prover. Everyone can run this type of node, and no specific hardware is required.

Because until now all zk circuits are application-specific integrated circuits, that is, different zk circuits are implemented according to different applications. This means that every application has a zk-rollup and is not compatible with EVM. Guess what everyone, @zksync and @StarkWareLtd both did it, but using different technologies.

Under the “rollup only” scheme, the pressure of DA remains on L1, and transaction data is written into L1 through calldata.

have it proven off-chain, and verified on-chain.

Difference

Difference

Name

zksync

Starkware

Products

Zksync Zkporter

Starknet: a decentralized, permissionless and censorship-resistant STARK-powered L2 ZK-Rollup that supports general-computation over Ethereum.【Building Dapps】 StarkEx: L2 scalability engine, which can handle complex trading logic (spot trading, derivatives, NFTs) as well as payments

Validators

Default: ZK prover (under a minute) Validators: be responsible for packing transactions into blocks and generating zkp for them. They participate in the consensus and must. Guardians: nominate honest validators,monitor p2p transaction traffic, detect censorship behavior.【开始是不是随机的，开始的validator是怎么选择的】

Cairo’s Generic Proof Service (GPS)【细化】 first ,then then verified on-chain

Instant confirmation

Yes, it is an option but need to trust elected validators

not mentioned

Team Founding date

Dec, 2019

May, 2018

Core founder

Co-founder of Matter Labs, Alex G

Chief scientist of Zcash, Eli Ben-Sasson

EVM compatible

Yes, also has its own language Zinc

No, using Cairo, and working on translating Cairo to Solidity. They will send their Cairo code to the GPS to be proven, and then verified on-chain.

Safety

4.99/5.0(possiblility of concealed collusion of well-known participants)

5.0/5.0

Speed

TPS

2000 TPS

World Record: 3000 TPS

Proof time

10 mins

？

Extra work: pre-trust setup

Yes, only once

No, which is easier

Emergency exit(all validators are down)

Yes

Trust basement

Set of trust settings (Multi-party Computation Ceremony)

Enlargement of the error by math polynomials

DA problem

zkPorter【decentrailzied】:transaction settlement method based on each account,DA is motivated by the “Guardian” of the zkSync native token to provide security

Volition system【centrailzied】: choose rollup scheme (data availability on the chain) or the validium scheme (data availability off the chain) for each transaction

Current Value due Dec. 2021

US$1.25 billion

US$2 billion

There are no rows in this table

⁠

Starkware’s Validium scheme:

In the validium scheme, the off-chain DA is provided by a centralized “data availability committee” (DAC) to provide security assurance, and the DAC is composed of some prestigious cryptographic entities. This sounds really centralized, but…this is a compromise solution for users to choose voluntarily to meet their needs for ultra-low transaction fees.

⁠

large extent on the addition of the DeFi protocol and the direct integration with CEX.

Zksync

Version 1.0 of zkSync protocol uses the PLONK proof system, which requires a "trusted setup" of a Common Reference String (CRS).

Who participated in the global Ignition trusted setup ceremony: Matter Labs, Vitalik Buterin (opens new window)and other prominent members of the crypto community, with 176 participants from over 30 countries.

Claims that “The reason for this is that there are no systems without some form of a trusted setup”

Starkware

Progress & Roadmap

zksync1.0

June 2020

zkSync 1.0 launched: a zk-rollup without smart contract integration.

Users can send and receive tokens.

zksync2.0

June 2021

The Alpha version of zkEVM testnet is live: zk-rollup that is fully compatible with EVM and has smart contract composability.

Oct. 2021

zkSync announced some of its recently completed technical details and deployed a test network similar to AMM (uniswap) to verify its EVM compatibility.

Feb 2022

Launching the first EVM-compatible ZK Rollup on public testnet

Focus on EVM competible first, which means community first

In the future, we strive to eliminate trust assumptions altogether by embracing a transparent zero-knowledge proof system such as RedShift (opens new window)(developed by Matter Labs).

Zkporter, 20000+ tps, <$0.03 in fees

⁠

https://blog.matter-labs.io/zkporter-a-breakthrough-in-l2-scaling-ed5e48842fbf⁠

⁠

Starkware

Starknet(Nov. 29, 2021, the Alpha version of StarkNet’s mainnet)

They first launched StarEx, which I think is equivalent to the “Planets” phase of their roadmap, and allows the creation of permissioned, application-specific zk-rollups supported by Cairo and STARKs

Three main products:

dydx

Immutable

Deversifi

Building StarkNet in four steps:

Step 0 — Foundations (completed*)

Step I — Planets: Single-App Rollups

Step II — Constellations: Multi-App Rollups

Step III — Universe: A Decentralized Rollup

We expect to have Step I deployed in a few short months, and be well on our way to Steps II & III by the end of 2021.

By the beginning of the second half of 2022, at least one order of magnitude higher TPS than Ethereum, at a cost that is at least two orders of magnitude lower than Ethereum’s.

Potential issues(Needa more time)

Starkware

integration of Solidity through the Warp translator

Zksync

Ecosystem/partners

The StarkNet Ecosystem

We are very excited by the ecosystem that’s forming around StarkNet so we’ll pause to thank our collaborators thus far.

We’re working closely with

Nethermind⁠

and the Nubia team,

Alexey Akhunov⁠

(Erigon) &

Igor Mandrigin⁠

(gateway.fm),

Iddo Bentov⁠

dOrg⁠

Prof. Tim Roughgarden⁠

Prof. Jeremy Avigad⁠

& Yoav Seginer, last but not least — the

Paradigm⁠

team.

Our early partners —

dYdX⁠

Immutable⁠

DeversiFi⁠

, as well as

Sorare⁠

Celer⁠

, and others — have been providing us with invaluable input from Day One, and allow us to build a production-grade network for real users.

We continue to be amazed by the quality of content created by the community, by people such as

Bobbin Threadbare⁠

Daniel Kroni⁠

Adrian Hamelink⁠

perama⁠

Francesco Ceccon⁠

Ilian Malchev⁠

, and the

Alexandria team⁠

Key points/features

Users can always retrieve the funds from the zkRollup smart contract even if validator(s) stop cooperating, because the data is available (unlike Plasma)

Neither users nor a single trusted third party needs to be online to monitor zkRollup blocks in order to prevent fraud (unlike fraud-proof systems, such as payment channels or Optimistic Rollups).

Bibliogrphy:

⁠

https://coinyuppie.com/zk-rollup-battle-zksync-vs-starkware/#:~:text=The%20main%20difference%20between%20StarkWare's,accounts%20can%20only%20be%20accessed⁠

⁠

Starkware Ecological projects

Argent X

Argent X Is currently used to connect StarkNet The only browser plug-in wallet for the web , Be similar to Metamask.

Official website ：https://www.argent.xyz/argent-x/

Get test currency ：argentlabs.github.io/argent-x/

Voyager

Voyager yes StarkNet Ecological blockchain browser .

Official website ：https://voyager.online/

Mint Square

Mint Square Is based on StarkNet One of the NFT platform , At present, a simple NFT Self-made function .

Official website ：https://mintsquare.io/

Briq

Briq Is based on StarkNet One of the NFT Pixel block construction platform , Current users can apply for... For free 1000 Creative combination of pixel blocks , Then generate NFT.

Official website ：https://briq.construction/builder

NFTflow

NFTflow It's based on StarkNet Constructed as non current assets NFT Create a platform for liquidity market . At present, it is still in the development stage , The official website has not been launched yet , Only documentation .

Official documents ：https://nftflow.gitbook.io/nftflow/

The Ninth

The Ninth It's based on StarkNet Build a meta universe game , Players can buy land in the game and generate various in-game elements and props , Have all kinds of game playing methods .

Official website ：https://ninth.gg/

Phi （Φ）

Phi Φ It's based on StarkNet Build a meta universe game , Users can bind their ENS Domain name to specific land coordinates to generate land , At the same time, you can also apply for all kinds of props based on the user's activity data on the chain , Its main purpose is to map the user's activities on the chain to the meta universe game .Phi stay NFTHACK 2022 Got ENS Sponsorship Award .

twitter ：https://twitter.com/phi_xyz

Playoasis

Playoasis It's based on StarkNet Built NFT Trading market .

Official website ：https://testnet.playoasis.xyz/

FujiDAO

FujiDAO Is a loan aggregator , It has the characteristics of automatic refinancing to find lower borrowing interest rate , At present, Ethereum main network and Fantom, It will be online in the future StarkNet .

Official website ：https://www.fujidao.org/#/

JediSwap

JediSwap It's based on StarkNet Built AMM, Anyone can create a new transaction pair , Developers can also be based on JediSwap Further build on .

Test net ：https://app.testnet.jediswap.xyz/#/swap

⁠

Providing liquidity pool

Zap: Zap helps you convert any of your tokens into LP tokens with 1-click

And you can Stake

Myswap

Myswap It's based on StarkNet Built AMM.

Official website ：https://www.myswap.xyz/#/

Starkswap: 【Early stage, no MVP yet】

Official website ：https://www.starkswap.co/

AMM built on StarkNet, the public ZK-Rollup.

Because of the underlying infrastructure Starkswap is built on, users will enjoy lightning fast trading at significantly cheaper costs (initially gas-less) while still benefiting from the security of layer 1 Ethereum.

Starkswap will be launching on the StarkNet planets alpha test net in Q1 of 2022. Further details will be shared with the community.

Team has backgrounds at FAANG and top startups.

ZigZag

ZigZag Is an order book model DEX, Now it's online zkSync, Plan support StarkNet.

Official website ：https://trade.zigzag.exchange/

ZigZag is a native, easy-to-use, reliable, fully secure and low fee Decentralized Exchange built on ZK Rollups.【Zksync】

Zksync - Mainnet & rinkeby testnet

More details here

Zigzag⁠

xBank

xBank It's based on StarkNet Build a money market , similar AAVE.

Official website ：https://www.xbank.finance/

zkLend

zkLend It's based on StarkNet Build a money market , Its characteristic is that on the premise of ensuring decentralization , For institutional clients and general DeFi Customers provide differentiated services .

Official website ：https://zklend.com/

ZkPad

zkPad It's based on StarkNet Built launchpad.

Official website ：https://zkpad.io/

ZKX

zkx It's based on StarkNet Build a sustainable contract exchange , It is characterized by optimizing the transaction of assets under the chain and Gamification user experience . ZKX is developing high-load decentralized software systems for financial analytics and synthetic assets.

Official website ： nothing

Serity

Serity It is an interest bearing synthetic asset casting transaction agreement .

Official website ：https://serity.finance/

Zksync

Eco-system list:

https://ecosystem.zksync.io/⁠

【most of them are Partners 】

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