The DNA Connection

The Genetic Code

the main function of genes is to control the production of proteins

proteins determine the size, shape, color, etc of an organism

Genes & DNA

a molecule of DNA is made of 4 nitrogen bases: Adenine (A), thymine (T), Guanine (G), & Cytosince (C) ————- a-t(u) ———- g-c

each gene is located in a specific place on a chromosome (locus)(the focus locus)

Order of the Bases

the order of nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what types of protein will be produced

A group of 3 DNA bases codes for 1 specific amino acid

cgt ———> alamine

codes for

How Cells Make Proteins

during protein synthesis the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein

(ribosomes make protein)(mrna - messenger)

The Role of RNA

RNA - UACGGGCAUUAUGUCA

DNA - ATGCCCGTAATACAGT

Types of RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) - copies of the coded message from DNA & it to the ribosome

Transfer RNA(tRNA)- carries AA’s to the ribosome & adds it to the chain

DNA unzips and an mRNA copy is produced

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

tRNA with the proper anticodon attaches, adding the AA it carries to the chain

protein molecule grows longer, tRNA detaches to pick up another AA (AA-amino acid)

Rna vs Dna

Rna vs Dna

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