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Science Notebook 7th

Explore

Solar System

Outer Planets

Giants and Pluto

Gas Giants- more massive than earth and do not have solid surfaces

maily composed of hydrogen and helium and much of it is in a liquid state due to the extremely high pressures

ring- a thin disk of small particles of ice and rock

pluto is a terrestrial planet like the inner 4 planets

Jupiter

largest and most massive planet, 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets combined

Jupiters Atmosphere

great red spot: a hurrican like storm with blowing winds hundreds of kilometers an hour

Jupiters Structure

astronomers think that jupiter probably has a dense core of rock and iron

the pressure at the core is estimated to be about 30 million times greater than the pressure of earths surface

Jupiters Moons

galileo discovered jupiters 4 largest moons: io, europa, ganymede, and callisto

there are 79 total

Saturn

second largest planet composed of mainly hydrogen and helium

only planet whose density is less than water (it would float)

saturns rings

the voyager spacecraft discovered that each of the rings is divided into many thinner rings

broad and thin like a compact disk

saturns moons

titan: saturns largest moon is larger than mercury and has a very thick atmosphere

there are 82 total moons

Uranus (ur-uh-nus)(nevaeh is not allowed to laugh at this)

4 times the diameter of earth

appears blue due to traces of methane in its atmosphere

Discovery of Uranus

discovered by

William Herschel⁠

in 1781

Exploring Uranus

images from voyager 2 show few clouds but allowed astronomers to calculate that uranus rotates in 17 hours

uranus’s axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of about 90 degrees from vertical (basically sideways)

Uranus’s Moons

voyager 2 showed that uranus’s 5 largest moons have icy cratered surfaces while some have lava flows

27 total moons

Neptune

Discovery of Neptune

in 1846 mathematicians calculated the orbit of an unseen planet that was affecting the orbit of uranus. neptune was discovered shortly after

exploring neptune

voyager 2 flew by neptune in 1989 and discovered a large spot, great dark spot, thought to be a strom the size of earth like on jupiter five years later it was gone

neptunes moons

triton: neptune’s largest moon

voyager images show its south pole is covered by nitrogen ice

14 total moons

⁠

Pluto⁠

⁠

smallest planet in the solar system

has a single moon charon that is debatably cosidered to be a double planet instead of a moon

Plutos orbit

revolves around the sun once every 248 earth years

very elliptical orbit comes closer to the sun than neptune at certain parts of its orbit

Is Pluto Really a Planet?/Dwarf Planets

one of the larger objects that orbits the sun beyond neptune but was the first to be discovered

debated to be too small to be considered a planet

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