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Science Notebook 7th

Explore

Solar System

Inner Planets

Terrestrial Planets- The 4 inner planets of the solar system small dense with rocky surfaces.

Earth

Water

The Earth is unique because it is the only planet with liquid water

70% of Earth’s surface is covered in water

Atmosphere

Only planet in the solar system rich with Oxygen, 20% of the atmosphere

Mercury

Exploring Mercury

Mariner 10 flew by Mercury about 3 times in 1974 and 1975

MESSENGER entered Mercury’s orbit in 2011, sent to study chemical composition, geology and magnetic field

Mercury’s Atmosphere

Has too weak of a gravitational pull to hold onto and atmosphere

Largest temperature range int eh solar system: -170 to 430 degrees Celsius

Venus

Very similar to the earth in size, known as “Earth’s twin” planet

Venus’s Rotation

A Venus year is 7.5 Earth months

A Venus day is 8 Earth months

Venus rotates in the opposite direction of most planets

Venus’s Atmosphere

Always cloudy with clouds made of sulfuric acid

90x greater than Earth’s

The CO2 traps heat on the surface through the green house effect

Exploring Venus

Venera 7 landed in 1970 but only survived for a few minutes

Magellan reached Venus in 1990 equipped with radar technology

Was able to map nearly the entire surface discovered it had a rocky surface covered with volcanoes

Mars

Mars’s atmosphere

95% carbon dioxide

-140 to 20 degrees Celsius

Water on Mars

Scientists think that a large amount of liquid water flowed on Mars’s surface long ago

Liquid water cannot exist for long it is turned into gas or it is frozen in the ice caps

Seasons on Mars

Mars has a tilted axis so it has seasons like Earth

In the summer, the ice cap shrinks and in the winter it grows

Exploring Mars

2004: Spirit and Opportunity explored opposite sides while Mars Express orbited overhead, discovering frozen water

2020: Perseverance and Integrity are currently collecting samples and looking for evidence of life

Volcanoes on Mars

Mars’s Moons

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