Advancements in Genetics

Selective Breeding

selective breeding - the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation

inbreeding

inbreeding- crossing 2 individuals that have similar characteristics

inbreeding increases the probability that organisms may inherit genetic disorders

hybridization

hybridization - breeders cross two genetically different idividuals to attempt to achieve offspring that have the best traits from both parents

Cloning

clone - an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organsim from which it was produced

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https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-babies-genetically-edited-altered-twins-scientist-dna-crispr-a8651536.html⁠

Genetic Engineering

genetic engineering - process in which genes from on organismare transferred into the DNA of another organism

genetic engineering in bacteria

scientists are able to produce insulin by inserting the insulin gene into a bacteria plasmid and having the bacteria produce the insulin protein

in other organisms

human genes can be inserted into cows to produce the human protein for which the genes encodes in their milk

this has been used to treat hemophilia

some plants can be genetically modified to resist cold tempature and pests

gene therapy

gene therapy - would involve inserting copies of a gene directly into human cells

learning about human genetics

the human genome project

genome - all of the DNA in one cell of an organism

the main goal of the hgp has been to identify the dna sequence of every gene in the human genome

humans have at least 30,000 genes

the average gene has about 3,000 bases

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