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Computer Science

Basic Organization of Computer

May 6th, 2021

Software

Basic organization of computer

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RAM & ROM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory

ROM stands for Read Only Memory

Differences between RAM and ROM

Differences between RAM and ROM

RAM

Differences

ROM

Stores during and after processing

Data and Program

Stored by manufacturer

Stores information temporarily

Content

Stores information permanently

Very fast but uses a lot of power

Processing Time

Fast but uses very little power

Volatility

Volatile

Non-volatile

There are no rows in this table

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Why we need secondary storage[memory]

To permanently save the files

To store huge data (greater than RAM)

eg. SD Cards, Pen drives, SSDs

Difference Between save and open command

SAVE→ RAM to secondary storage

OPEN→ Secondary Storage to RAM

Difference between Save as Save As

Difference between Save as Save As

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Units of Memory (May 10th)

Bit (binary digit)

A binary digit is logical 0 and 1 representing a passive or an active state of a component in a electric circuit.

Nibble

A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.

Byte

A group of 8 bits is called a byte. A byte is the smallest unit which can represent a data item or a character.

Word

A computer word, like a byte is a group of fixed number of bits, processed as a unit, which varies from computer to computer but is fixed for each computer.

The length of a computer word is called word-size or word length. It may be as small as 8 bits or maybe as long as 96 bits. A computer stores the information in the form of computer words.

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Powers of 2

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