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Basic Organization of Computer

May 6th, 2021
Software
 

Basic organization of computer

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RAM & ROM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory
ROM stands for Read Only Memory
Differences between RAM and ROM
0
RAM
Differences
ROM
1
Stores during and after processing
Data and Program
Stored by manufacturer
2
Stores information temporarily
Content
Stores information permanently
3
Very fast but uses a lot of power
Processing Time
Fast but uses very little power
4
Volatility
Volatile
Non-volatile
There are no rows in this table
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Why we need secondary storage[memory]
To permanently save the files
To store huge data (greater than RAM)
eg. SD Cards, Pen drives, SSDs
Difference Between save and open command
SAVE→ RAM to secondary storage
OPEN→ Secondary Storage to RAM
Difference between Save as Save As
0
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Units of Memory (May 10th)

Bit (binary digit)
A binary digit is logical 0 and 1 representing a passive or an active state of a component in a electric circuit.
Nibble
A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.
Byte
A group of 8 bits is called a byte. A byte is the smallest unit which can represent a data item or a character.
Word
A computer word, like a byte is a group of fixed number of bits, processed as a unit, which varies from computer to computer but is fixed for each computer.
The length of a computer word is called word-size or word length. It may be as small as 8 bits or maybe as long as 96 bits. A computer stores the information in the form of computer words.
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Powers of 2

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