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I. Overview

GIANT (Global Internet Access Network Token) Protocol is an exciting, new, open-source project that aims to decentralize and democratize access to internet and financial services by tokenizing bandwidth. It is creating a new web3 telecommunications aggregation layer and utilizing a set of protocols that turn connectivity into a global digital asset, and enabling anyone to be a user or provider of connectivity or financial services in the new blockchain-enabled era. Thus, forming a decentralized connectivity economy, accessible to anyone, owned by everyone.
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II. Abstract

Protocol-based economies are revolutionizing all global industries. These economies reorganize the way participants form open and accessible systems through anonymous, yet trusted incentives based on peer-to-peer protocols with no centralized management. These transparent and secure protocols enable resources to be shared more efficiently.
The conventional model to build a Global Connectivity Economy requires multiple competing mobile network operators (MNOs), banks, as well as governments with conflicting interests to co-operate, making it practically infeasible to exist. Thanks to protocol-based decentralized platforms, distributed ledgers, cryptographic currencies, the economics of building borderless systems is fundamentally shifting.
This paper proposes creating a new internet access layer that aggregates existing telecom networks and transforms internet connectivity into a digital asset, making it is easy and intuitive for the 5.18B mobile phone users that already spend ~$2T annually to access broadband and mobile internet to join the crypto economy and use, own, and access cryptocurrencies, and the new blockchain-based financial services, while enabling the connectivity providers to offer financial services, and leapfrog the banks to enter the web3 era. Thus, forming a Decentralized Connectivity Economy, that is open to all, seamless and secure by design, and owned and governed by the community.
This economy (called “GIANT”) consists of a set of protocols that enable anyone to offer connectivity and financial services globally and anyone to access connectivity and financial services in a simple, seamless, and secure manner, without being locked to any single provider. It is structured as a Decentralized Internet Access Layer (called DIAL), and utilizes a set of protocols, namely, connectivity protocol (called “GIANT Connect”), a protocol for tokenizing data contracts (called “GIANT Teller”), a protocol for generating yield on data balances (called “GIANT Yield”), two cryptographic tokens, called DCT (Data Contract token), and GIANT (native blockchain token). ​​This paper proposes and describes:
Formation of a Decentralized Internet Access Layer (called DIAL) to co-ordinate, tokenize, and financialize connectivity access
Connectivity protocol (called “GIANT Connect”) for instant, simless, internet connection
Airtime exchange protocol (called “GIANT Teller”) for tokenizing data contracts
Airtime yield-generating protocol (called “GIANT Yield”) for earning yield on unused contracts
Proof-of-Connection to cryptographically verify connection was established as promised
Decentralized Autonomous Organization that governs the philosophy and strategic direction of the network
Two cryptographic tokens, DCT and GIANT and their role
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III. Problem

Anyone should be able to access connectivity and financial services in any part of the world.
The traditional model for provisioning connectivity as well as financial services relies on closed, centralized, for-profit entities.
For connectivity, this approach has created a radically overprovisioned, yet inefficiently distributed set of overlapping networks which are closed, gated by different competing providers and their paywalls, making the user experience cumbersome, and inaccessible for many. This is in part because there is no inherent trust of security, no incentive to co-operate and offer ubiquitous, global internet access and no simple way to authenticate end users or devices.
Similarly, for financial services, the large financial institutions act as rent-seeking intermediaries that take the end user funds as deposits, lend them out and generate high-yield, yet offer negligible yield in exchange to the end users. These parties also prioritize privileged users over underprivileged users, charge high banking fees, high interest rates, high domestic and international transfer costs, contributing to lack of financial inclusion, and increasing the economic divide.
The connectivity providers’ attempts to offer financial services to their subscribers, including the underprivileged, to make financial services accessible to all, have largely remained unsuccessful, due to the lack of cooperation from the local and regional financial institutions. This is largely because the financial institutions have competing interests with connectivity providers and no incentive or motivation to collaborate with them to provide more open, inclusive, and attractive financial services to all.
The decentralized connectivity and financial services protocols promise more open, inclusive, affordable, and attractive connectivity and financial services, yet greatly remain inaccessible because they’re hard to access, not easy to use, and require understanding of new digital currencies that mostly do not have much utility value in the real world. To put that into perspective, there are more than 5.18B mobile phone users that spend more than $2 trillion to access broadband and mobile internet every year, yet only about 220M crypto users in the world.

These problems require solving:


Connectivity Providers have no incentive to collaborate with each other to provide open, ubiquitous, and affordable global internet access and no easy way to offer financial services
Financial services providers have no incentive to offer high-yield and cooperate with other parties, including connectivity providers
Users have no bargaining power when accessing the internet and no easy way to earn high yield
Decentralized protocols are hard to use and remain inaccessible to the majority

These problems have made decentralizing and democratizing access to the internet and financial services a challenge.
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IV. Solution

The goal of this project is to build a Decentralized Connectivity Economy that makes accessing the internet and financial services, accessible to anyone, owned by everyone. Providers collateralize GIANT tokens to offer internet access by minting data contract tokens (DCTs), which are bought by users by spending GIANT tokens to redeem them to access trusted, secure, high-speed, internet globally. It utilizes a teller protocol to mint DCTs, a connectivity protocol to redeem DCTs and access the internet, and a yield protocol to generate yield on DCTs.
To attain this goal, the paper proposes to form a Decentralized Internet Access Layer to coordinate, tokenize, and financialize connectivity access using a set of protocols, a verifiable proof, Proof-of-Connection, a cryptographic token (GIANT) to incentivize all the stakeholders, a non-profit foundation to govern the token distribution, and a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) to manage, fund, maintain, and expand the network. Finally, the foundation expects to work with third party commercial entities to implement the protocols, manage the user experience and provide an open source reference implementation for all participants.

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows:


Section 3: Defines the Global Connectivity Economy and its objectives.
Section 4: Describes the Teller protocol, Connectivity protocol, and Yield protocol to mint, redeem bandwidth contracts and earn yield.
Section 5: Defines the Proof-of-Connection to cryptographically verify connection was established
Section 6: Introduces “GIANT” cryptographic tokens and their role
Section 7: Outlines the purpose of the GIANT Protocol Foundation
Section 8: Describes how GIANT Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) governs the network
Section 9: Defines the purpose of the Company and the open source reference implementation
Section 10: Summarizes, concludes with a discussion of next steps
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V. Global Connectivity Economy

The conventional model for provisioning a Global Connectivity Economy requires multiple competing networks, banks, as well as governments with conflicting interests to co-operate, making it practically infeasible to exist. Thanks to protocol-based decentralized networks, distributed ledgers, cryptographic currencies, the economics of provisioning public utilities, is fundamentally shifting. A new class of global economies that are decentralized and protocol-based are emerging. This paper proposes unifying existing networks to form a Decentralized Internet Access Layer, and tokenizing bandwidth to bring Defi benefits to billions, making access to the internet and financial services, accessible to anyone, owned by everyone, backed by two cryptographic tokens, a data contract token (“DCT”), and a native token (“GIANT”).

The main participants include:

Providers represent any individual or organization that provides access to the internet. This includes connectivity service providers, hotspot aggregators, inflight wifi providers, fixed broadband providers, anyone who can provide internet access, including the decentralized internet providers, like Helium, Altheamesh, etc. They earn GIANT tokens for offering bandwidth contracts. A single provider can offer multiple contracts.
Users represent any individual or organization that accesses the Internet (developer applications, IoT devices, etc.). They spend GIANT tokens to access the internet.
Validators represent any individual or organization that runs a node for the GIANT Protocol. Validators collectively provide decentralized consensus and add blocks to the GIANT Protocol’s decentralized ledger in exchange for block rewards.
Community represents any individual or organization that is a native token holder. Native token holders can approve improvements to the protocol, decide allocation of the treasury, vote for members of the Council, nominate Validators, and become members of the Council themselves.
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VI. Key Objectives


The GIANT Protocol is designed to fulfill the following key objectives:

Accessible
The purpose of the project is to allow users to access instant, simless, global internet connection seamlessly with their GIANT tokens that also makes them money, without needing to switch sim cards, asking WiFi passwords, carrying a bulky hotspot device or paying outrageous roaming fees, only to connect to the internet. To achieve this, the protocol abstracts the complexity of discovering the best providers to connect to and automatically establishes connection upon receiving a request. The decentralized governance of the network ensures that any commercial entity implementing the protocol and managing the user experience complies with the objectives and implements a user-friendly client that does not require users to have any prior knowledge of Blockchain and cryptographic tokens. The ideal user experience consists of requiring users to simply download the client reference app on their phone or computer in seconds and allowing them to pay with their credit cards, just like any other non-blockchain app. Similarly, clear and concise step-by-step instructions are shared with providers to instantly offer bandwidth contracts.
Secure
The GIANT Protocol is designed to provide security by 1) ensuring all reference implementations (protocol, provider, client app) executed are certified and approved, 2) detecting and flagging rogue networks and 3) encrypting all the traffic end to end. In addition, privacy is intended to be protected by 1) no logging of user traffic and 2) no sharing and storing of provider’s proprietary information, if any.
Fast
The GIANT Protocol only allows trusted providers to run and offer services to users. In order for a provider to be deemed “trusted provider”, it is anticipated that all providers will be required to 1) collateralize GIANT tokens to mint contracts (unless approved by the DAO), 2) deploy certified and approved protocol reference implementation. If a community member reports a provider determined to be invalid, it is immediately made inactive.
Incentivized
All providers are eligible to earn GIANT tokens for offering data contracts. To build a decentralized network that works and grows organically, an incentive model is designed such that all providers are rewarded for offering services. Since Wificoin payments are a fixed percentage but the PGT tokens spent by each user vary with each session, PGT tokens earned by nodes also varies with each session. The PGT tokens spent by a user are distributed between all nodes as, WiFi/LTE nodes (50%), VPN nodes (30%), service nodes (10%), DAO (10%). Wificoin earning power is proportional to the grade level of the network. For instance, in certain zones, the top tier of Grade A: high speed (>80Mbps) would earn more PGT tokens compared to the second tier of Grade B: medium speed (15-80Mbps). This creates a powerful incentive for hosts to provide high-speed, high-availability connection to users. It is envisioned that the network will also provide incentives to other community hosts to provide additional services such as identity verification, arbitration, network planning, network monitoring, referral, etc.
Trustless
The GIANT Protocol is constructed as a public protocol where anyone can freely join. All components of the protocol are identified by their public key hash (which defines a blockchain account User ID). An immutable list of transactions is maintained and recorded on a public Blockchain for anyone to audit. In addition, all providers submit publicly auditable proofs of the service they provided to users after each session. All providers generate proofs of service, Proof-of-Connection (in Section 5) after each user session and record it on a distributed storage platform such as IPFS to allow anyone to cryptographically verify that the provider offered the service in accordance with the smart contract.
These key objectives are enforced by the three GIANT protocols (in Section 4), the GIANT Protocol Foundation (in Section 7) and the GIANT Protocol decentralized autonomous organization (in Section 8).
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VII. Design of System Components

GIANT Protocol is designed according to best practices of modular, scalable, performant, and composable components with clear separation of concerns and well defined interface layers.

There are four primary layers of abstraction that aggregate core connectivity infrastructure:

A native layer 1 blockchain implementing GIANT Protocol’s trustless, decentralized ledger
A set of smart contract protocols that trustlessly enable the tokenization of bandwidth and access to connectivity and financial services using those tokens
A services and SDK layer that provides scalability and value-added connectivity and financial services on top of those protocols, and
A decentralized application (DApp) layer through which GIANT Protocol’s stakeholders can engage and interact with the protocols and services.

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Native Blockchain
GIANT is the first-of-its-kind decentralized connectivity network merging non-fungible tokenized bandwidth with DeFi. GIANT blockchain is designed with built-in incentive mechanisms and is governed by the DAO, effectively coordinating between data providers, consumers, and validators to enable global connectivity services with superior reliability and performance. Substrate-based native core with 3-second block production time, deterministic finality, forkless upgrades, and web-based wallet, GIANT network leverages nominated-proof-of-stake consensus (NPoS) and proof-of-connection (PoC) to power Teller Protocol, Connectivity Protocol, and Yield Protocol.
Decentralized Consensus
An important component of GIANT Protocol’s governance is the mechanism by which the community reaches consensus on additions to the distributed ledger. In the spirit of building a community-owned asset and enabling anyone in the community to earn, GIANT Protocol’s native blockchain operates based on the Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS) consensus. Through this, any GNT holder may participate in the health and maintenance of GIANT Protocol by nominating a Validator node and earning Validator block rewards in return.
Validators
Any GIANT Protocol wallet with a minimum number of GNT tokens staked can become a GIANT Protocol Validator. The minimum number of GNT tokens required is dynamic, based on an auction mechanism as the total number of GIANT Protocol Validator slots will be limited and fixed.
Despite the apparent limitation of a fixed number of Validators, anybody can become a GIANT Protocol nominator by staking their GNT amount on behalf of a Validator, effectively becoming an indirect Validator.
Validators participate in the consensus mechanism to produce GIANT Protocol blocks based on validity statements from other Validators. Any instances of non-compliance with the consensus algorithms results in punishment by removal of some or all of the Validator’s staked GNT, thereby discouraging bad actors. Good performance, however, will be rewarded with Validators receiving block rewards (including transaction fees) in the form of GNT in exchange for their activities.
Smart Contracts
The core of GIANT Protocol’s design are three sets of smart contract protocols - Teller Protocol, Connectivity Protocol, and Yield Protocol. The Teller Protocol tokenizes bandwidth into a non-fungible cryptographic token on the blockchain. The Connectivity Protocol enables anyone to access internet services using tokenized bandwidth. The Yield Protocol enables anyone to access financial services using tokenized bandwidth. These protocols are described in greater detail in section 9 Protocols.
Services & SDKs
The Services & SDKs layer provides APIs, SDKs, and tools that enable developers to build applications to tokenize bandwidth and access internet and financial services on top of GIANT Protocol’s smart contract protocols. In addition to scalable APIs that encapsulate the protocols mentioned above, there are services for community management through which any token holder can vote on improvement proposals and vote for members of the leadership council. There are also tools for bridging from third party ecosystems and platforms into GIANT Protocol’s connectivity economy, for example bridging from fiat to GIANT Protocol’s native currency or bridging a telco customer identity to a GIANT protocol wallet using their phone number.
DApps
The DApps layer provides applications on top of the Services & SDKs layer to enable non-developers to access GIANT Protocol’s services. These DApps provide GIANT Protocol’s stakeholders with intuitive ways to tokenize bandwidth and access internet and financial services without needing to write any code. Data providers can tokenize their bandwidth. Consumers can purchase tokenized bandwidth and access internet and financial services. Community members can vote on improvement proposals and vote for members of the leadership council. Mobile network operators or other connectivity providers can deliver these same features through their own DApps built on GIANT Protocol’s Services & SDKs layer as well. For more information about GIANT Protocol’s reference DApp, see section 11 Reference DApp.
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VIII. Tokens

GIANT Protocol revolves around two cryptographic tokens - Data Contract Tokens (DCTs) and GNT tokens - described in more detail below.

Data Contract Tokens
Data Contract Tokens are non-fungible cryptographic tokens that represent contracts for data, for example 15GB of 5G/LTE data in the United States from June 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 for $25USD or unlimited wifi data through a premium hotspot network valid for 7 days from activation for $20USD. Data Providers may mint DCTs for each of their data offers and sell those DCTs to Data Consumers. Those Data Consumers may then redeem those DCTs to access the internet and financial services.
Each Data Provider that joins GIANT Protocol maintains control of the services they offer - pricing, packaging, period, rollover, transferability, and all other terms of the contract. While this means that each DCT is specific to each Data Provider, it also means existing Data Providers don’t need to change their offers. Any data offer can be tokenized with GIANT Protocol through a Data Contract Token.
From a customer’s perspective, the tokenization of their data contracts is transparent. When consumers buy DCTs they’re purchasing data plans just as they do today, and the DCTs that represent those data plans allow them to seamlessly access the internet. Regardless of connection type - mobile, fixed, inflight, premium hotspot data - the DCT enables zero-touch access to the internet. Each Data Contract Token contains within it all the information required for the consumer to discover and access the Data Provider’s internet service. Data Contract Tokens take advantage of the revolutionary capabilities of eSim to enable mobile devices to discover and access mobile internet services without the need for a physical SIM card. For more about how consumers access internet using DCTs, see Connectivity Protocol below.
By tokenizing data contracts as DCTs, Data Providers and Data Consumers enjoy new opportunities to access financial services: earn yield on unused data, earn bonus rewards for going online, secure credit against long-term contracts, pay bills with unused data. By turning existing data contracts into tradeable and transferable assets on the blockchain, GIANT Protocol opens up new opportunities for accessing financial services.
GNT Tokens
GNT is the protocol’s native token. It is the currency with which data providers tokenize their bandwidth, data consumers buy bandwidth tokens, and GIANT Protocol rewards the DAO and Validators. GNT represents the aggregate value of GIANT Protocol’s connectivity economy and bestows upon its token holders the right to participate in GIANT Protocol’s governance and operations.
GNT token supply is fixed at 1 billion tokens, 650 million of which will be premined. They are designed to be deflationary and accrue the aggregate value of the network. In order to cultivate the healthy growth of GIANT Protocol, the total supply is allocated to incentivize key stakeholders as follows:
1
Validators
350000000
No
To reward Validators for validating blocks
2
Team
250000000
Yes
To attract and retain a world class team
3
Investors
200000000
Yes
To fund early stage growth
4
Treasury
100000000
Yes
To reserve for the unexpected
5
Demand
50000000
Yes
To incentivize consumption of bandwidth
6
Supply
50000000
Yes
To incentivize supply of bandwidth
7
Total
1000000000
N/A
To represent the aggregate value of the protocol
There are no rows in this table
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In the future GIANT Protocol may decide to increase the GNT token supply to continue to incentivize Validators with block rewards.
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IX. Protocols

This section describes the three trustless protocols at the core of GIANT Protocol’s design:

Teller Protocol: Data Providers mint Data Contract Tokens that represent contracts for data using the Teller Protocol.
Connectivity Protocol: Data Consumers access the internet with DCTs through the Connectivity Protocol.
Yield Protocol: Data Consumers and Data Providers generate yield on their unused data through the Yield Protocol.

These three smart contract protocols are described in more detail below.

Teller Protocol
The Teller Protocol enables anyone, even you, to turn bandwidth capacity into cryptographic tokens tradable on the blockchain and start earning. These trustless, automated, and permissionless smart contracts are designed to incentivize high quality of service at great value.
The protocol is designed to incentivize high quality of service by slashing GNT collateral the Data Providers put up against the Data Contract Tokens they mint in case of poor quality of service. The flow of the Teller Protocol through which any Data Provider can mint a Data Contract Token is described further below.
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The Data Provider sends a DCT Minting Request to the DCT Collateral Smart Contract to estimate the GNT Collateral Value required to mint the DCT. The Data Provider provides the sale price and an anonymized unique ID, for example wallet address, as parameters to the request.
The DCT Collateral Smart Contract sends a GIANT Protocol Collateral Request to the GIANT Protocol Automated Quality Meter (AQM). The AQM maintains a Reputation Score for each Data Provider and determines the GNT Collateral Value based on the sale price and the Reputation Score. The GNT Collateral Value is directly proportional to sale price and inversely proportional to Reputation Score. The AQM calculates the Reputation Score automatically based on the quality of service delivered by the Data Provider for previous DCTs they’ve minted. If the Data Provider has not previously minted any DCTs, then its Reputation Score will be 0 unless otherwise agreed by the DAO. For more information about Reputation Score, see Connectivity Protocol.
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The GIANT Protocol AQM then sends the GIANT Protocol Collateral Response to the DCT Collateral Smart Contract with the amount of GIANT Protocol the Data Provider needs to collateralize to mint the DCT. The DCT Collateral Smart Contract then sends the GIANT Protocol Collateral Response to the Data Provider. The Data Provider then locks the required GIANT Protocol Collateral into the DCT Collateral Smart Contract. The DCT Collateral Smart Contract then mints the DCT for the Data Provider and transfers it to the Data Provider’s wallet. The Data Provider can now sell the DCT to anyone.
Connectivity Protocol
The Connectivity Protocol enables anyone to redeem DCTs for internet access. Touchless, automated discovery of and access to connectivity networks enable a decentralized internet access layer where anyone can be a provider and consumers can switch seamlessly between networks to optimize cost and quality of service.
GIANT Protocol’s decentralized internet access is enabled by eSim for mobile data networks. eSim is a revolutionary technology that removes the requirement for physical SIM cards on mobile devices, tablets, and wearables. With all of the security of a physical SIM, eSim enables downloadable security profiles for each provider and the ability for any device to access multiple mobile data networks at the same time. Each DCT for mobile data contains within it a bootstrap eSim profile that allows any device with the DCT to discover and access the given Data Provider’s network.
The flow of the Connectivity Protocol is described below.
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Once a consumer has a DCT and has established a connection to the Data Provider’s network, usage is tracked through a trustless Proof of Connection. Proof of Connection verifies that the Data Provider delivered bandwidth according to the terms of the DCT. Should the Data provider fail to deliver service or deliver poor quality service, Proof of Connection will update the Data Provider’s Reputation Score such that the Data Provider must increase the GIANT Protocol Collateral Value for the DCTs it mints.
Proof of Connection relies on a proxy server built into GIANT Protocol’s network of Validators through which all bandwidth delivered through GIANT Protocol passes. This proxy is open source, automated, and secure so that it is auditable and trustless. At periodic intervals, Proof of Connection records bandwidth delivery metrics for each DCT, for example total bytes delivered, average latency, and min/max latency. These delivery metrics are recorded in a Session Evidence Document (SED).
The SED is then recorded on the blockchain by the Validators, and the DCT Collateral Smart Contract releases a prorated portion of the GNT token collateral locked against the given DCT. In this way, Data Providers earn back their collateral as they deliver quality of service. In the degenerate case where a Data Provider fails to provide service according to the terms of the DCT, the consumer or client application consuming the DCT may contest the SED. This disputed SED is then sent to the DAO to adjudicate on the matter and, should the DAO find the Data Provider did not provide service according to the terms of the DCT, then a prorated portion of the GNT collateral is slashed and sent to the DAO. This variation of Proof of Stake disincentivizes Data Providers from delivering poor quality of service.
As Data Providers deliver internet access against the DCTs they’ve minted, their Reputation Score grows. As their Reputation Score grows, the collateral ratio required by the DCT Collateral Smart Contract and the AQM decreases. In this way Data Providers may earn the right to be more efficient and put up less GNT collateral to mint DCTs. On the other hand, if a Data Provider’s GNT collateral is slashed for poor quality of service, their Reputation Score goes down and the collateral ratio required by the DCT Collateral Smart Contract goes up. An untrusted Data Provider will be required to overcollateralize their DCTs until they earn trust as reflected by a higher Reputation Score.
Yield Protocol - Generating Yield from Data Contract Tokens
The Yield Protocol provides products and services that enable data consumers and providers to unlock real world value from the money they already spend on bandwidth. Earn, pay, and invest in the future of finance using the inherent value locked inside data contracts. In the GIANT Protocol, this inherent value is represented by the GNT collateral locked against DCTs. Yield generation on unused data balance is a great incentive offered to Consumers by Data Providers to capture market share. The process of generating yield on DCT collateral is explained in more detail below.
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All yield generated from DCTs goes to the DCT holder. In the case a Data Provider has minted a DCT but a Data Consumer has not yet purchased that DCT, then the yield against that DCT would go to the Data Provider. On the other hand, once the Data Consumer purchases the DCT then the yield generated from that DCT would go to the Data Consumer.
All GNT tokens locked against DCTs will be automatically staked in the GIANT Protocol to generate yield according to the DCT-holder’s preferences. In this process, the GNT tokens are transferred from the DCT Collateral Smart Contract into a Synthetic Staking Smart Contract. Synthetic Staking Smart Contract automatically routes the DCT collateral into the Validation Bond to earn Validation Rewards or Lending Smart Contract depending on the preference of the Data Provider.
Block Rewards Yield
DCT collateral transferred to the Validator Bond is used to validate transactions on the GIANT Protocol blockchain network. Upon preference of the DCT-holder (Data Provider or Consumer as it may be), the DCT collateral can be used to initiate a full Validator node or to nominate another Validator node.
All block rewards and associated block transaction fees will be transferred to the Synthetic Staking Smart Contract with a pass-through transfer to the DCT-holder’s wallet.
In the case where bandwidth is being consumed against the DCT and therefore the GNT collateral locked against that DCT is changing over time, a DCT Listener oracle is listening to the Connectivity Protocol and DCT Collateral Smart Contract to assess the amount of DCT collateral remaining. That information is then communicated to the Synthetic Staking Smart Contract to properly route Validator rewards on unused DCT collateral to the DCT-holder.
Lending Rewards Yield
An alternative path for generating yield is to route the DCT collateral to the Lending Smart Contract. Such allocation will happen automatically by the Synthetic Staking Smart Contract, based on the preference of the DCT-holder.
The lending Smart Contract will enable third-party borrowers to borrow GNT secured against approved collateral and paid for with interest. Borrowing collateral can be USDC, ETH or any other ERC-20 token allowed by the DAO. Borrowers will have to over-collateralize their loans with the initial collateral ratio of 150% due to the volatile nature of cryptocurrencies.
If GNT price drops below a 25 percent threshold, borrowers will be asked to add funds to their loan collateral. If the borrower declines to add funds, the entire loan collateral (USDC, ETH) will pass through to the DCT-holder. The loan collateral will be automatically exchanged for GNT on an exchange following a push-through notification to the Data Provider regarding either rerouting the GNT collateral for yield generation or receiving back the GNT collateral and burning the DCT.
At the end of their loan, borrowers can request their collateral (USDC, ETH) in return for borrowed GNT plus a borrowing fee. The borrowing fee is assigned by the DAO depending on factors, including GNT TVL and supply/demand market conditions.
The Borrowing Fee is to be transferred to the Synthetic Staking Smart Contract with a pass-through transfer to the DCT-holder’s wallet.
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X. Tokenomics

In its steady state, GIANT Protocol’s connectivity economy is designed to maintain a balanced, liquid, and automated flow of GNT tokens between the economy’s primary actors.

The flow of GNT tokens is depicted and described below.


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GIANT Protocol: GIANT Protocol distributes GNT block rewards and block transaction fees for Validators. GIANT Protocol also distributes incentives to Data Consumers and Data Providers to facilitate growth and health of the protocol. GIANT Protocol receives the slashed GNT staked against DCTs by Data Providers. GIANT Protocol also receives the slashed GNT staked by Validators. The DAO may elect to A) redistribute the GNT it receives to Data Consumers to incentivize data usage, or B) redistribute the GNT it receives to Validators to incentivize good Validators, and C) burn the GNT it receives to reduce the GIANT Protocol supply.
Validators: Validators receive GNT block rewards and block transaction fees when they validate blocks on the GIANT Protocol blockchain. Validators’ GNT bonding stakes get slashed when they falsify blocks on the GIANT Protocol blockchain (see Validators section below for more about bonding stakes).
Data Consumers: Consumers buy DCTs with GNT. Consumers earn yield in GNT for staking the GNT collateral locked in the DCTs they’ve purchased. Consumers may receive a portion of the slashed GNT staked against DCTs in case of poor quality of service.
Data Providers: Data Providers receive GNT from Consumers for DCTs. Data Providers’ GNT collateral locked against the DCTs they mint are slashed in case of poor quality of service.
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XI. Governance

Governance refers to the rules and procedures by which improvements are made to GIANT Protocol and decisions are made with respect to the treasury. GIANT Protocol is designed to be governed by a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and implemented on a public ledger through decentralized consensus of Validators. Until then, a non-profit foundation will govern GIANT Protocol’s operations and spend.

This section provides more details regarding the governance of the GIANT Protocol.

The Foundation
The GIANT Protocol Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting GIANT Protocol, its ecosystem and related technologies. The Foundation’s role is to allocate resources to critical projects and advocate for GIANT Protocol to the outside world. The Foundation manages all aspects of GIANT Protocol until the time when GIANT Protocol can be managed by a DAO. Until then, the Foundation will work with third party commercial entities to implement the protocols, manage the user experience, and provide an open source reference implementation in the best long-term interest of GIANT Protocol.
Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)
The DAO is a decentralized organization that will manage the GIANT Protocol once the Foundation hands over control. GIANT Protocol anticipates designing the genesis DAO as a representative democracy elected by GIANT Protocol’s token holders. This mechanism for governance best balances broad participation with effective decision-making. The goal is to ensure that the majority of the stake can always command the decisions and that it is easy for the community to participate in those decisions.

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XII. Reference DApp: Wificoin

Wificoin is GIANT Protocol’s reference DApp where consumers can enjoy the benefits of GIANT Protocol and Data Providers can easily publish their data contracts as Data Contract Tokens. As of the time of writing, using inflight, mobile eSim, and premium hotspot data through Wificoin is the only way to earn GNT tokens and become a member of the GIANT Protocol Community. Over time new capabilities will come to market first through Wificoin, for example yield rewards on unused airtime.
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XIII. Future Considerations

This section describes known limitations and future considerations for the design of GIANT Protocol’s connectivity economy.
Current DCT design only accommodates prepaid data plans. Postpaid data plans, contracts that buy consumers the right to use data at a future time at a previously negotiated price, are not yet supported. One could imagine support for long-term contracts through a new type of token that is a data futures contract and indeed tokenization of data futures contracts is a top priority for the team’s next sprint of design.
Quantitative models for key system variables, for example Reputation Score, GNT Collateral Value, and GNT Collateral Release, need to be defined. Ultimately the governance of these key system metrics will be under the direction of the DAO. Until then the Foundation will manage the system in the best interests of GIANT Protocol and its stakeholders.
Last, this version of the document focuses on the design of a system that tokenizes bandwidth. As such while there is a certain level of detail about the Teller and Connectivity Protocols, much of the Yield Protocol has been left to the readers’ musings. Future versions of this document will focus more squarely on the Yield Protocol and a decentralized marketplace that uniquely unlocks the value inherent in Data Contract Tokens through decentralized finance.
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XIV. Conclusion

This paper outlines a proposal to form a Global Connectivity Economy and seeks public feedback on the proposed solution.
To realize the ultimate vision of forming One Network, accessible to anyone, owned by everyone, all users are encouraged to unite and form Internet Communities in every major neighborhood. Thus, fostering a grassroots movement to create a community owned ISP in every major neighborhood. It is the collective effort of these distributed communities that will enable the development of the GIANT Protocol. It puts forth an exciting opportunity to provide better, faster, and cheaper internet access and financial services to everyone by leveraging the existing networks, tokenizing bandwidth, and rewarding all the participants. Everyone is invited to join and contribute as the foundation for the Final, Singular, Trusted, Shared, Secure, Supported, Incentivized, Decentralized, Open, Protocol-Based, Planetwide Virtual Public Network.

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