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Models / Products in Scope
Detailed Model Comparison
Framework Led Comparison - Model Layer
Component
OpenAI CUA
Anthropic Computer Use
Amazon Nova Act
Documentation
Well-documented API with sample agent loop and Playwright integration; part of the broader Responses API ecosystem.
Initially limited but improving; released as part of Claude 3.5 Sonnet. Offers inner_thoughts trace and sample Docker setup.
Limited documentation (likely due to recent release); SDK released under Apache 2.0. Encourages granular prompting instead of full-agent autonomy. GitHub repo includes basic examples.
End User Capability
Available through Operator’s chat interface; consumer-facing UX with built-in HITL and personalization.
Developer-facing API with no production-ready UI; demo provided via Streamlit.
No consumer abstraction currently; developer-only Python SDK requiring custom app integration tailored for developers
Clarification & Higher-Order Thinking
Limited clarification handling. Some explainability through UI elements and chat feedback.
Exposes reasoning trace via inner_thoughts, but lacks interactive clarification.
No reasoning layer. Designed for deterministic prompts; likely coupled with Amazon Nova reasoning models.
Task Decomposition & Modularity
Handles granular UI actions but lacks autonomous task decomposition.
Similar to CUA: performs browser tasks without modular breakdown.
Delegates decomposition to the developer leveraging their own reasoning models. Relies on atomic, pre-structured instructions.
Application Identification
Can identify and act on browser-based applications; desktop capabilities not exposed.
Works across browser and desktop environments; can access file systems and terminals.
Only acts on specific web pages based on the provided URL as a result of decomposable design.
Speed of Execution
Comparable across simple tasks. Slight delays from visual inference and browser rendering.
Similar performance; bottlenecked by vision processing and rendering latency.
Performs well on deterministic flows already decomposed; may outperform others on narrowly scoped tasks chained together
Personalization
Supports per-app personalization through Operator settings.
No native personalization.
No native personalization on the core model layer
Risk Management & Handover
Includes HITL scaffolding for sensitive actions like logins and transactions.
Can detect handoff points but lacks structured HITL UX.
HITL can be explicitly implemented by developers. Captcha and user input management require manual coding.
Browser Navigation & Integration
Likely uses Playwright; maintains modularity between vision and actuation.
Uses shell commands for full OS interaction; browser navigation via Streamlit setup.
Integrates Playwright within SDK. Allows default or user-specified browser setup creating swapability.
Exception Handling & Reliability
Retries failed actions. Handles most standard UI errors gracefully.
Handles retries but showed instability on high-complexity workflows.
Also crashes on high-complexity tasks unless fallback logic or recovery paths are implemented
Time to Completion
Generally consistent across tasks; latency scales with complexity.
Comparable performance.
Fast on atomic tasks; likely integrating with other tools for orchestration on multi-step flows.
Human-in-the-Loop
Offers handoff options within Operator; user can intervene during or after execution.
No real-time interaction via browser; handoff only via API control.
HITL requires manual implementation providing developers the capability to implement their own flows
Reference Implementation
Delivered as part of ChatGPT Operator interface; browser-only control.
Dockerized Ubuntu VM reference with agent loop; includes desktop control.
Doesn’t currently have a GUI / Playground. Comes as a Python SDK with demo scripts.
Limitations
Limited to browser scope; access restricted to approved domains.
Resolution capped at 1024x768; complex workflows may crash or stall.
No desktop integration currently available; Ideally not suitable for abstract / ambiguous tasks
Cost
$3/1M tokens (input), $12/1M tokens (output); only available to Pro tier.
$3/1M tokens (input), $15/1M tokens (output).
Public pricing not disclosed yet.
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