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Primary Language Functions

Language Function Descriptors

Language Function Descriptors

LANGUAGE FUNCTION

DESCRIPTION

Expressing and Seeking Factual Information

Giving Facts lessons enhance learners' ability to communicate accurately and effectively. Learning opportunities in giving facts and expressing/seeking factual information involve identifying objects, persons, processes, stating facts, asking for information, expressing capabilities or possibilities, discussing regular activities, stating past events, confirming known facts, stating hypotheses, making generalizations, reporting, asking/receiving information, summarizing, and explaining processes.

Engaging In Social Activities

Socializing lessons enhance social interactions and create meaningful relationships .Learning Opportunities include greeting, introducing oneself, sharing likes, dislikes, ideas, hobbies, opinions, and personal experiences. It also involves terminating conversations, participating in dinner table discussions, asking for/offering help, telling jokes, expressing gratitude, giving compliments, showing concern, and fostering interpersonal connections.

Managing Life and Living

Life and Living lessons enhance learners' ability to navigate and thrive in daily life. Learning opportunities in managing life and living include making work requests, interviewing, inquiring about items, asking about prices, recognizing numbers, expressing shopping and food preferences, identifying names of foods, clothing, shapes, and colors. It also involves addressing complaints, discussing weather, engaging in regular activities, expressing wants and needs, and sharing free time activities and hobbies.

Managing Home & Community

Home and Community lessons empower learners to navigate and engage actively in their home and community environments, fostering independence and meaningful connections. Learning opportunities in managing home and community encompass naming rooms in a home, identifying places in a neighborhood, giving directions and locations, understanding transportation options, accessing services, and identifying family members.

Expressing and Determining Opinions and Ideas

Opinions and Ideas lessons foster effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Learning opportunities focus on expressing agreement/disagreement, beliefs and opinions, inquiring about others' viewpoints, stating intentions, comparing, giving reasons, expressing importance/unimportance, describing, narrating, classifying, proposing solutions, justifying, predicting, expressing needs, inquiring about needs, expressing certainty/uncertainty, obligations/non-obligations, affirming, denying, extending invitations/offers, stating preferences, accepting/declining invitations/offers, offering assistance, and issuing warnings.

Engaging in Discussions about Getting Things Done

Getting Things done lessons foster effective collaboration and achievement of goals. Learning Opportunities include engaging in discussions about getting things done. These include making suggestions, requests, and giving advice. Learners also practice offering invitations, instructions, or commands, as well as suggesting, persuading, making or changing plans, negotiating, and describing work experiences and needs.

Expressing and Determining Feelings

Expressing Feelings lessons enable effective emotional expression and communication. Learning Opportunities include expressing and determining feelings through several skills. These include inquiring about remembering/forgetting, granting or requesting permission, expressing confirmation, rejecting, promising, declaring, protesting, expressing pleasure, displeasure, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, disappointment, fear, worry, surprise, hope, gratitude, sympathy. Learn to state wants, desires, hopes and wishes.

Managing Communication

Managing Communication lessons empower you to effectively navigate and engage in meaningful conversations. Learning opportunities in managing communication encompass various skills. These include interrupting, focusing on a topic, requesting repetition, questioning, changing the topic, using openers, acknowledging, reporting information, negotiating, debating, and expressing understanding or failure to understand.

Managing Health & Safety

Health and Safety lessons empower individuals to handle critical situations, prioritize their well-being, and offer support to others in promoting a safe and healthy environment. Learning Opportunities in managing health and safety provide important skills in describing emergencies, seeking medical care, and providing health and wellness advice.

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Level 1

Level 1

Level

Lesson ID 2

Primary Language Function

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to...

1.1.1

Ask identifying information

Utilize be in statements identifying yourself and your origin

Utilize be in questions to ask others their names and origin

1.1.2

Greet people

greet people

Distinguish between formal and informal

1.1.3

Identify everyday objects

Form statements with a subject pronoun + be

Form questions with a subject pronouns + be

1.1.4

Use cardinal and ordinal numbers

identify cardinal numbers and their uses

identify ordinal numbers and their uses

1.1.5

Ask about ages

Utilize numbers to provide your age

Utilize numbers to ask others’ their age

1.1.6

Order food and drink

Distinguish between singular/plural items

Connect two nouns

1.1.7

Describing objects and facts with it

Utilize impersonal expressions.

Select an adjective to describe and give opinion

1.2.1

State an occupation

Identify different occupations

Distinguish between a and an.

1.2.2

Identify objects in the home

Distinguish between singular and plural forms. 2. Identify what exists. 3. Distinguish the pronunciation of s endings.

1.2.3

Describe the color of something

Identify colors

Describe the color of common everyday objects.

1.2.4

Describe who performs and action

Identify and distinguish between subject and object pronouns

Describe every day likes and dislikes

1.2.5

Express possession

Utilize possessive pronouns

Identify every day items

1.2.6

Make small talk on simple, everyday topics.

Introduce a small talk topic

Ask questions to engage others in small talk.

1.2.7

Describe color and size

Identify colors and sizes

Describe items using color and size

1.3.1

Identify Foods and Parts of a meal

identify food items and part of a meal

distinguish between different measures of food

1.3.2

Form information questions

Distinguish between information question words

Form information questions in the simple present

1.3.3

Describe people and objects

Identify adjectives used to describe people, things and places

Identify sentence placement of adjectives

1.3.4

Distinguish between demonstrative adjectives

Identify uses for this/that/these/ those

Identify every day objects

1.3.5

Common objects in the home

Form information questions to learn about an object

Identify common objects in the home

1.3.6

Identify family members

Utilize family vocabulary

Ask others about their family

1.3.7

Express abilities and inabilities

Utilize can and can’t

Identify common activities

1.4.1

Express your likes and dislikes

State your likes and dislikes

Ask others about their likes and dislikes

1.4.2

Describe daily routines

Identify the different times of the day

Describe every day routines with common verbs

1.4.3

State existence

Identify objects found in a store

Ask and answer questions about existence

1.4.4

Make simple requests

Make a request with can and could

Identify common foods in a fast food restaurant

1.4.5

Ask for and provide the time

Identify ways to state the time

Ask others for specific time and time of of day

1.4.6

Ask for and describe weather

Identify different types of weather

Ask about the weather

1.4.7

Give and understand basic instructions

Identify airport and travel vocabulary

Form simple commands

1.5.1

State the days of weeks, months and time of year

Identify days, months and seasons

Distinguish between prepositions of time

1.5.2

Express different means of transportation

Identify different modes of transportation

Describe modes of transportation with every day adjectives

1.5.3

Ask about the price of something

Identify ways to state the price of an object

Ask about the costs of every day objects

1.5.4

Express free time activities

Identify regular free time activities and hobbies

Use enjoy + gerund to describe likes

1.5.5

Express what you know and don’t know

Identify ways to express certainty

Identify every day objects in a park

1.5.6

Express your opinion

Give your opinion and a reason for your opinion.

Identify every day vocabulary related to nature and camping

1.5.7

Say what needs to be done or completed

Identify common household chores

Express needs and ask others about their needs

1.6.1

Construct simple sentence patterns

Form simple sentences

Describe with an adjective

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Level 2

Level 2

Level

Lesson ID 2

Primary Function

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to...

2.1.1

Greet people

1. Distinguish between formal and informal greetings 2. Respond to greetings

2.1.2

Make introductions of self and others

1. use phrases for making introductions of others 2. ask common follow-up questions

2.1.3

Ask for and give repetition and clarification

1. use phrases for requests/clarification 2. respond to requests/clarification

2.1.4

Ask and answer personal information questions

1. ask questions related to name, age and family size 2. make small talk with new friends

2.1.5

Express likes and dislikes

1. Utilize fixed expressions to express what you (don’t) like/enjoy 2. Utilize a variety of expressions for likes/dislikes

2.1.6

Utilize prepositions of locations

1. utilize Are there/ is there to express what exists 2. utilize an/a/zero article to express what is in a location

2.1.7

Recognize numerical patterns, such as a phone number.

1. Identify and utilize standard patterns for common numbering.2. Employ intonation patterns for reading numbers.

2.2.1

Describe basic health symptoms

1. Identify and utilize vocabulary related aliments. 2. Identify and utilize adjectives to describe feelings related to an illness.

2.2.2

Ask for and give prices

1. utilize how much is/are to ask information about prices 2. utilize numbers and vocabulary to express money and costs

2.2.3

Express possession

1. utilize possessive pronouns to identify what belongs to you or others 2. ask about possession with Whose

2.2.4

Ask about and state basic needs and emotions

1. utilize I’m + adj / I need + object or verb to express basic needs 2. use vocabulary about everyday needs and house objects

2.2.5

Ask for and express desires

1. utilize I’d like, I’ll have, I want to express desires 2. utilize vocabulary common foods in a fast-food restaurant.

2.2.6

Ask for and express intentions

1. utilize I want to/I hope + verb, I want (a/an), I hope (someone) + verb to express intentions 2. use vocabulary about vacation activities and resort objects

2.2.7

Express the costs of every day items.

Utilize numerical vocabulary related to currently. 2. Distinguish between verbs used when discussing money (cost, is).

2.3.1

Express present abilities

1. Identify and use can/can’t, (not) be able + verb for abilities 2. Identify and utilize vocabulary related to everyday free time activities

2.3.2

Distinguish between shopping needs and wants

1. Utilize need or want + object and to be looking for + object. 2. Distinguish between How much is and How much are.

2.3.3

Express favorites and ask others about theirs

Utilize verb + favorite + noun

Identify and utilize possessive pronouns

2.3.4

Discuss types of entertainment

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to movies, TV, music

Create questions related to types of entertainment, frequency.

2.3.5

Describe preferences related to land

Identify types of land.

Identify ways to describe land and preferences.

2.3.6

Interrupt others politely

1. utilize language for interrupting 2. utilize language for clarifying what others’ have said

2.3.7

Discuss clothing choices

1. identify types of clothing 2. Utilize a/an/the

2.4.1

Express feelings with concrete adjectives

Identify and utilize concrete adjectives.

Distinguish between I am and I am feeling.

2.4.2

Make simple predictions

Distinguish and utilize going to and will + verb

Identify weather words and time words and phrases

2.4.3

Describe common holiday activities and celebrations

Describe types of foods

Describe activities and connect to holiday celebration

2.4.4

Describe and introduce family members to others

Identify family vocabulary

Make introductions, formally and informally

2.4.5

Describe healthy habits

Identify vocabulary related to healthy living

Utilize the simple present and action verbs for healthy living

2.4.6

Describe what is in a town, city, types of business

Identify common product and service industries

Connect vocabulary to product and service industries

2.4.7

Describe with multiple adjectives

1. utilize words to describe objects in a store 2. utilize adjectives in their common order

2.5.1

Distinguish features and describe

1. use phrases for describing 2. utilize have and be to make descriptions

2.5.2

State hobbies and ask others about hobbies

1. utilize phrases with like and enjoy to discuss hobbies 2. express regular hobbies

2.5.3

Ask about and describe near future activities

1. utilize present continuous for referencing the future 2. utilize Going to + verb for future to describe near future events

2.5.4

Request, accept and reject help

1. make requests with modals 2. agree or disagree to a request

2.5.5

Describe using size, shape and color

1. describe using language of size, shape and color 2. ask questions about size, shape and color

2.5.6

State locations in relation to other locations

1. utilize There is/ there are to state locations 2. utilize different prepositions of location

2.5.7

Express preferences using this/that/these/those

1. express preferences using demonstrative adjectives 2. discuss preferences

2.6.1

State the order of activities

1. use time to describe time sequencers 2. express everyday activities

2.6.2

Describe a home

1. identify rooms in a home and objects in a room 2. ask about objects and spaces in a home with is there/are there

2.6.3

Give simple commands

1. use command/ Imperative forms 2. use time sequencers in relation to commands

2.6.4

Utilize food vocabulary and identify their locations

1. use location prepositions in the kitchen 2. name kitchen locations and kitchen vocabulary

2.6.5

Distinguish and utilize borrow and lend

1. utilize borrow/lend to make and respond to request 2. use vocabulary of items around a home.

2.6.6

Provide advice and offer suggestions

1. utilize expressions let’s/why don’t used to give suggestions. 2. utilize modals used to give suggestions and vocabulary for activities

2.6.7

Compare preferences

1. express prefences with comparative adjectives (regular and irregular) 2. state preference with I prefer

2.7.1

Ask for and give opinions

1. utilize What/How/Do questions for opinions 2. use vocabulary for expressing opinions about art

2.7.2

Clarify instructions and commands

1. use professional language to clarify instructions and commands 2. use vocabulary about work and tasks

2.7.3

Exchange personal identifying details

1. use WH questions to exchnage personal information 2. use vocabulary for greetings and introductions

2.7.4

Express feelings

1. utilize feel/be to express emotions 2. use vocabulary about emotions and art

2.7.5

Offer help and accept offers

1. utilize expressions to offer and accept help 2. utilize Do / can questions to ask for help

2.7.6

Describe different living environments

1. utilize like/prefer to state preferences 2. utilize information questions and vocabulary about homes

2.7.7

Describe actions in progress and distinguish from routine activities

1. Form and use Present Continuous to describe activities 2. differentiate when to use Simple Present vs. Present Continuous

2.8.1

Ask to borrow something in a simple way

Identify ways to ask to borrow something

Distinguish between a/an and the

2.8.2

Ask for attention

Identify ways to ask for attention

Form questions with May and Can

2.8.3

Describe physical appearances

Identify vocabulary related to hair, eyes, height and weight.

Distinguish between have and be

2.8.4

Describe personalities

Identify vocabulary related to describing personalities

Distinguish between be and have

2.8.5

Describe reasons for liking something

1. utilize because in complex sentences 2. describe why you like something with adjectives

2.8.6

Identify and describe job categories

Identify vocabulary of occupations.

Utilize adjectives to describe occuplations

2.8.7

Describe different types of housing/ accommodations

Identify different types of housing

Describe housing with adjectives

2.9.1

Make simple reccomendations in a work environment

Distinguish between Let’s and Why don’t we

Explain a benefit with simple present, i.e. It works well.

2.9.2

Ask about and state favorite seasonal activities

1. categorize activities 2. utilize like/enjoy to express preferences

2.9.3

Identify key vocabulary for emergency situations

1. utilize there is/there are to describe emergencies 2. use vocabulary to provide information about emergencies

2.9.4

Discuss plans for the near future

1. use simple present to discuss future plans 2. use present continuous to discuss future plans

2.9.5

State advantages and disadvantages in a simple way

Form statements with It’s good/bad because....

Form and utilize statements with It’s better than /It’s worse than

2.9.6

Describe everyday work activities

1. utilize vocabulary to describe tasks at work 2. use simple present

2.9.7

Identify everyday remedies

Identify vocabulary related to a drugstore

Utilize language to make suggestions for every day remedies

2.10.1

Ask for and give information about schedules

Distinguish uses of what time and when

Ask Yes/No and Information questions about a train or other transportation schedule

2.10.2

Ask and answer questions of immediate needs

Identify vocabulary related to an emergency.

Form and ask questions to immediate well being.

2.10.3

Express understanding

1. use language to express understanding 2. use language to express misunderstand

2.10.4

Describe regular past actions

1. use regular simple past tense 2. Form and use questions in the past with did

2.10.5

Ask and provide specific dates of events

1. use cardinal and ordinal numbers 2. express daily work actions

2.10.5B

State a simple problem

Utilize fixed expressions to state a problem.

Give reasons with because

2.10.6

Express past states with be

1. was/were for description of past state or condition 2. Adjectives for food and states (tired, happy, etc)

2.10.7

Describe physical fitness activities

1. utilize verbs in the simple present 2. utilize vocabulary for different activities

2.11.1

Distinguish between prepositions of locations

1. distinguish different prepositions of location 2. identify places in a home

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Level 3

Level 3

Level

Lesson ID 2

Primary Language Fucntion

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to...

3.1.1

Describe home, family and job

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to self, family and professions.

Utilize adjectives to describe self, family and professions.

3.1.2

Express quantities and amounts

Identify countable/uncountable objects

Utilize (a) little/(a) few 3. Utilize How much/how many and vocabulary for quantities

3.1.3

Describe appearances

1. Identify adjectives to describe people 2. Utilize multiple adjectives in one phrase for a detailed description.

3.1.4

Describe hotel accommodations/ services

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to a hotel and hotel services.

Utilize prepositions of place.

3.1.5

State and describe furniture in a room

Identify and utilize furniture items.

Utilize adjectives of size and materials.

3.1.6

Produce needed language for everyday transactions

Identify and utilize language related to everyday transactions (bank, buy a ticket, make an appointment).

Make requests with can and could

3.1.7

Describe frequency of actions

1. Identify and utilize frequency markers (always, usually, etc) 2. Utilize present simple verbs in statements and questions

3.2.1

Utilize prepositions of time and time expressions

1. Distinguish between different Prepositions of time 2. Utilize phrases with prepositions of time

3.2.2

Express satisfaction and dissatisfaction

1. Identify language for expressing satisfaction/dissatisfaction 2. Utilize Language for giving reasons

3.2.3

Describe with concrete phrases

1. Describe with adjective + prepositional phrases 2. describe with Adjective + preposition + infinitive

3.2.4

Request information on costs and purchases

1. Ask about prices and sales. 2. State needs and wants.

3.2.5

Give directions

1. Identify and utilize prepositional phrases for directions 2. Identify and utilize prepositions of place

3.2.6

Make requests

1. Form and utilize requests with please and imperatives. l 2. Form phrasal modals for obligations.

3.2.7

Invite, accept and decline invitations

1. Identify and use words and phrases for inviting 2. Identify and use words and phrases for accepting or declining

3.3.1

Make and accept offers

Identify and utilize ways to make an offer (Would vs Do)

Identify ways to accept offers, both formally and informally.

3.3.2

Express ability

1. Distinguish between can/be able to express ability 2. utilize vocabulary related to every day activities 3. Identify the ways to pronounce reduced vowels

3.3.3

Express compliments related to clothing

1. Identify vocabulary related to expressing compliments 2. Utilize vocabulary for color, look, and style.

3.3.4

Describe food preparation in detail

1. Form and use imperatives 2. Identify and use partitives

3.3.5

Apologize and make excuses

1. Identify and use phrases used in apologizing 2. Identify and utilize phrases used to accept an apology

3.3.6

Express future wishes

1. Utilize phrases for future wishes. 2. Identify and utilize vocabulary related to activities and actions

3.3.7

Express obligation and necessity

1. Form obligations with modals 2. Use phrasal modal to express obligations

3.4.1

Express ways of transport

1. Identify ways of transportation and expressions related to transportation. 2. Form and utilize phrases with by to express mode of transportation

3.4.2

Express sufficiency and insufficiency

1. Express quantity with enough, not enough 2. Distinguish between enough of, and too

3.4.3

Express enthusiasm and excitement

Identify and utilize adjectives of emotions (thrilled, excited)

Identify and utilize exclamatory sentences (What + adjective + noun or How + adjective)

3.4.4

Compare with more or less

1. Use more and less with nouns 2. Use more and less with adjectives and adverbs

3.4.5

Ask preferences for types of food

1. State preferences with detail 2. Make requests based on preferences

3.4.6

Describe how an action happens

1. Present continuous in statements 2. Present continuous in questions

3.4.7

Describe actions happening now

1. Form and use Present continuous 2. Utilize time words for present continuous

3.5.1

Describe a picture with specificity

1. Identify key vocabulary related to size, shape, position and color. 2. Utilize prepositional phrases.

3.5.2

Make, accept and refuse requests

1. Utilize would, could, can for requests 2. Use vocabulary for making, accepting and refusing requests

3.5.3

Make requests in a professional setting

1. Identify expressions to make requests and borrow 2. Identify phrases for hedging

3.5.4

State ailments and offer suggestions

1. Identify structures to ask and give advice 2. Utilize vocabulary related to health and illness

3.5.5

Express past activities: regular verbs

1. Form and use regular simple past tense and common irregulars 2. Form and use negative simple past tense and questions with did

3.5.6

Express past actions and activities: irregular verbs

Form and use irregular past tense.

Form and use questions and negative statements with irregular verbs in the simple past tense.

3.5.7

Express past routines

1. Utilize used to for past habits 2. Form statements with when I was to express past truths.

3.6.1

Express past states with was/were

1. Form and utilize “be” in the simple past tense 2. Describe past states in details with adjectives

3.6.2

Express past abilities

1. Utilize could and was/were able to express past abilities 2. Identify expressions of past time

3.6.3

Make comparisons of two or more things

1. Form and use superlative forms 2. Form questions with superlatives

3.6.4

Describe future intentions and plans

1. Identify ways to express future intentions 2. Distinguish between intentions and future scheduled or planned events

3.6.5

Formulate and respond to permission requests

Utilize modals for permission (can, could, may)

Utilize language to grant or refuse permission.

3.6.6

Express reasons and results

1. Identify and utilize language for providing a reason 2. Identify and utilize language that identifies the results of an action/event

3.6.7

Describe events and actions with intensity

Identify and utilize Intensifiers 2. Compose phrases with an adverb+ adjective to add intensity.

3.7.1

Describe a travel experience

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to travel.

Identify and utilize adjectives and figurative phrases to describe.

3.7.2

Make a service request and state a problem

1. Identify ways to express dissatisfaction/state a problem 2. Use language to make a request

3.7.3

Ask for and give advice

1. Utilize modals should, ought, might. 2. Formulate questions for asking, accepting or rejecting advice

3.7.4

Express main points of a movie, TV show or news

Identify and utilize key language (character, takes place, plot)

Utilize sequencers and phrases related to sequencing

3.7.5

Describe educational experiences

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to education (course, degree, subject)

Identify and utilize quantifiers related to education (a few courses, several classes, many subjects)

3.7.6

Express reasons for choices

Distinguish between because and because of

Explain purpose or reason with to in order to, so as to.

3.7.7

Show interest in a conversation

Utilize fixed expressions to show interest (Wow, that’s fascinating, I’d love to hear more...)

Ask follow up questions (And, then what happened? How did that make you feel?’

3.8.1

Discuss personal possessions, including pets

Identify and utilize verbs of ownership

Identify and utilize possessive pronouns and adjectives

3.8.2

Narrate a story with a clear beginning, middle and end

Form and utilize the simple past tense.

Identify and use descriptive language.

Distinguish between sequencers.

3.8.3

Express how one feels with reason

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to conditions (tired, sad, relaxed)

Identify and utilize cause and effect language (because, since, as a result, due to)

3.8.4

Express regret

Form statements with would have + past participle

Form statements with should have

3.8.5

Identify ways to cancel plans, reservations or appointments

Identify and utilize polite expressions (I’m afraid, I apologize)

Identify ways to suggest an alternative date/time.

3.8.6

Express understanding, surprise and disappointment

Utilize phrases for understanding ( I see what you mean, I got you, That makes sense)

Form and utilize interjections

3.8.7

Make scheduled plans

Identify and use modals for suggesting

Distinguish between prepositions of time

3.9.1

Make and accept an apology

Identify ways to apologize

Formulate responses to an apology, both formal and informal.

3.9.2

Ask follow-up questions to learn more

Distinguish between different open/ended questions

Identify phrases for reflective listening (So, you’re saying, If I understand you )

3.9.3

Persuade or convince someone of something

1. Identify and utilize verbs of persuasion (recommend, suggest, urge, etc) 2. Identify vocabulary related to food and restaurant

3.9.4

Complain and detail what is wrong

1. Use phrases to state a problem 2. Use phrases to suggest a solution

3.9.5

Describe an emergency at home

1. Identify vocabulary related to emergencies 2. Make requests for help

3.9.6

Examine ways to make arrangements

Identify and utilize prepositions of time and time phrases

Utilize figurative language related to social arrangements.

3.9.7

Outline which aspects of work are of special interest

Identify and utilize high frequency adjectives.

Identify and categorize regular tasks

3.10.1

Generate step-by step instructions

Identify and utilize imperative verbs.

Identify and utilize sequencers

3.10.2

Question about services

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to health and wellness.

Formulate a variety of questions.

3.10.3

Distinguish ways to initiate, maintain and close a conversation

Utilize openers

Identify and utilize language to demonstrate active listening.

Identify and utilize ways to end a conversation.

3.10.4

Describe what something is used for

Identify and utilize infinitive of purpose (A pen is used to write)

Identify and utilize subject + is/are + used for+ verb-ing/noun.

3.10.5

Examine ways to encourage others

Identify and utilize modals of advice and suggestions (should, ought to, could)

Utilize figurative imperatives (keep it going, stay positive, believe in yourself, cheer up)

3.10.6

Utilize tag questions to discuss personal information

1. Identify different Question types 2. Form a tag question

3.10.7

Utilize sensory verbs

1. Identify sensory verbs 2. Identify and utilize vocabulary for describing senses

3.11.1

Express actions that began in past and are still true

1. Form and use the Present perfect 2. Distinguish the uses of for and since

3.11.2

Distinguish between specified time and unspecified time in past

1. Utilize the present perfect for the past 2. Distinguish between the simple past and the present perfect.

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Level 4

Level 4

Level

Lesson ID 2

Primary Language Function

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to...

4.1.1

Ask and give the meaning of a word

Utilize key phrases to ask for meaning.

Utilize key phrases for giving definitions.

4.1.2

Describe an image through ordering

1. Identify and utilize descriptive prepositional phrases 2. Use concrete adjective phrases.

4.1.3

Follow detailed directions when completing an action.

Identify imperatives

Form tag questions to ask for clarification

4.1.4

React to good and bad news

Utilize fixed expressions for good news

Utilize fixed expressions for bad news and demonstrate empathy with voice.

4.1.5

Express approval and appreciation of other people's ideas in a discussion

Use vocabulary for expressing appreciation

Describe why you like someone’s idea

4.1.6

Express support, directly and indirectly

Utilize figurative phrases to show support (I believe in you, you can do it)

Utilize active listening verbal cues (uh-huh, that’s interesting)

4.1.7

Express past emotions

Identify key words and phrases related to detailed emotions. (frustrated, relived, perplexed)

Express intensity with adverbs.

4.2.1

Express why a work of art is of interest

Utilize vocabulary to describe emotions evoked by art/music (peaceful, excited, sad)

Express preferences with phrases ( I find it...It reminds me of...)

4.2.2

Discuss food and drink preferences in detail

Utilize descriptive words and phrases to provide details to food and drink.

State your preferences and dislikes related to food and drink.

4.2.3

State what you like and don't like with precision

1. Provide detailed and concrete opinions negative and positive 2. Giving reasons

4.2.4

Describe what you are looking for in detail

Identify and utilize descriptive vocabulary related to clothing.

Describe using multiple descriptive and concrete adjectives.

4.2.5

Ask for and give directions to someone

Utilize prepositional phrases to give directions.

Identify imperatives for giving directions.

4.2.6

Follow and give detailed locations on where to find items

Distinguish between prepositions of locations.

Use prepositional phrases to detail locations.

4.2.7

Report what others have said

1. Form and utilize reported speech changes 2. Identify changes made during reporting.

4.3.1

Clarify to understand reasoning

Formulate clarifying questions to better understand someone’s ideas.

Utilize rising intonation in declarative sentences to ask questions.

4.3.2

Clarify a misunderstanding

Utilize phrases to express doubt.

Express your interpretation

4.3.3

Engage in a prepared interview

Describe your experiences, responsibilities and skills.

Formulate and ask clarifying questions when you don’t understand.

4.3.4

Ask about and express what you were and weren’t able to do in the past

Form past ability statements

Form past ability questions.

4.3.5

Describe past conversations on health

Utilize the past simple

Form and utilize past participles as adjectives to describe past feelings. (I felt relieved, ..)

4.3.6

Provide information about past events

1. Form and use simple past tense 2. Utilize past sequencers

4.3.7

State what is wrong and why something is a problem

State a problem with detail

Make a request for a resolution

4.4.1

Describe actions interrupted by another event

Distinguish between the simple past and past continuous

Utilize when and while as time markers

4.4.2

Retell a familiar story

Utilize sequential connectives

Utilize voice to emphasize key words and phrases to gain interest.

4.4.3

Describe routines in the past

identify and utilize the simple past

Identify and utilize the past perfect

4.4.4

Describe events in detail

Identify vivid adjectives

Describe using vivid adjectives

4.4.5

Narrate a story

Identify and utilize descriptive, concrete adjectives.

Employ emphatic stress features when speaking

4.4.6

Conduct an interview about personal work or learning experiences

Form questions to learn about personal and work experiences

Formulate professional responses.

4.4.7

Paraphrase a factual statement

Identify synonyms for common words.

Restructure a sentence.

4.5.1

Report Others’ Opinions

Identify and utilize reporting verbs. (believe, claim, argue, suggest, doubt)

Identify and utilize nouns for reported opinions (belief, argument, theory, suggestion, claim)

4.5.2

Express and respond to feelings

Identify key vocabulary to describe feelings. (surprise, happiness, interest and indifference)

Identify ways to offer support

4.5.3

Keep a conversation going

Identify and utilize clarifying and tag questions.

Use language to show engagement and interest.

4.5.4

Express agreement and disagreement with reason

Express agreement and disagreement with a because clause

Provide an alternative to statements you disagree with.

4.5.5

Express reluctance with reason

Identify and utilize phrases for expressing reluctance (I’m not sure, I was hoping, I’d rather, Well, um, let me think)

Utilize phrases for giving a reasons. (The problem is, I would love to, but )

4.5.6

Respond to excuses

Formulate and utilize phrases to express understanding.

Formulate and express alternatives

4.5.7

Make an excuse for something not accomplished

Identify and utilize phrases to express regret

Identify vocabulary of reasons. (unexpected events, lack of resources, workload, bogged down).

4.6.1

Decline an invitation and provide an excuse

1. Use a variety of phrases to Decline invitations 2. Provide reasons or previous obligations

4.6.2

Express advantages and disadvantages of abstract concepts when debating solutions

Utilize figurative language to express advantages

Utilize figurative language to express disadvantages.

4.6.3

Express advantages of one thing over another

Utilize a variety of phrases to express advantages.

Respond to others ideas related to advantages

4.6.4

Compare and contrast alternative things to do

Utilize advanced comparatives and superlatives.

Identify ways to express similarity in quality.

4.6.5

Compare and contrast solutions for a complex problem

1.Utilize comparative markers. 2. State solutions.

4.6.6

Suggest and react to solutions to everyday problems

Identify phrases for making suggestions.

Utilize vocabulary related to travel

4.6.7

Provide advantages and disadvantages for different courses of action

Identify and utilize connectives for advantages and disadvantages (on the one hand, an advantage, on the other hand, this could lead to).

Utilize comparatives (Option A is more expensive than option B, but it might be more effective in the long run)

4.7.1

Make complex plans with others

Use a variety of future forms to make plans.

Use information questions to aid in planning an event or party.

4.7.2

Negotiate and coordinate a trip

1. Identify and utilize language for informal negotiations 2. Identify and utilize language for outlining steps

4.7.3

Negotiate prices for big purchases

Identify and utilize phrases for negotiation.

Expand your vocabulary related to currency and prices

4.7.4

Negotiate prices when dissatisfied

State what is wrong with something

Use language to negotiate a solution related to cost

4.7.5

Negotiate a disagreement

Utilize phrases to present balanced information.

Formulate phrases for compromises (What if we, how about we)

4.7.6

Ask for changes to a reservation

Formulate an opening phrase on the telephone or in person.

Utilize language to specify a desired change. (Phrases with wondering/hoping)

4.7.7

Request to borrow and use objects with reason

Utilize a variety of phrases to make a request to borrow something.

Provide a reason for your request.

4.8.1

Exchange information to make professional connections

Utilize phrases to describe professional work experiences.

Use language to add details

4.8.2

Ask for help in difficult situations

Expand your vocabulary related to emergencies

Identify ways to ask for help

4.8.3

Interrupt and provide facts

Identify phrases for interrupting

Utilize softened phrases for correction.

4.8.4

Utilize language to convince someone to do or act upon something

1. Use a variety of language to persuade 2. Accept or reject persuasive language

4.8.5

Persuade someone to buy something you are selling

1. Utilize terminology related to persuading. 2. Use modals and conditional statements for persuasion

4.8.6

Express an opinion in a contextually appropriate way

Give a detailed opinion.

Use figurative language to add details.

4.8.7

Express opinions and react to practical suggestions.

Present your ideas and suggestions

React to others’ ideas and suggestions

4.9.1

Ask for and give recommendations

Identify phrases for asking for recommendations in a restaurant

Ask questions to inquire more

4.9.2

Suggest and respond to suggestions for a course of action

1. Make a suggestion

2. Accept or reject a suggestion

4.9.3

Discuss global issues and problems

Identify and utilize vocabulary related to global problems (poverty, pollution, deforestation, etc)

Utilize phrases related to causes and effects (since, so, because, because of)

4.9.4

Express safety rules and regulations

Identify and utilize phrases for prohibitions.

Identify vocabulary specific to safety (fire extinguisher, emergency exit, hazardous materials)

4.9.5

Explain the rules of a game/sport

Utilize imperatives (roll the dice, move your piece)

Utilize modals to express possibilities, obligations and recommendations.

4.9.6

Explain how something works, with examples

Utilize words and phrases to highlight steps or stages.

Identify and utilize phrases to introduce an example

4.9.7

Explain how something works

Utilize sequential words and phrases.

Provide stages of a process

4.10.1

Explain a technical problem using expressions

Describe a problem by highlighting detailed issue with clear nouns and verbs (crashed, not responding)

Form and utilize adverb clauses of time. (The issue appeared after I installed a new update).

4.10.2

Negotiate a solution between others with fixed expressions

Utilize phrases to summarize viewpoints

Utilize figurative language for common ground/reach agreements

4.10.3

Respond to verbal challenge or aggression

Use language to diffuse an aggressive or challenging situation

Apologize for misunderstanding

Redirect a conversation.

4.10.4

Explain reasons for complaints

Use language to make a complaint.

Formulate a reason and a resolution for your complaint.

4.10.5

Make predictions for situations in the future

1. Use phrases for making predictions 2. Distinguish between Going to and will

4.10.6

Ask why someone thinks something, or speculate

State your beliefs with a relative clause.

Use noun phrases when giving an opinion or speculating.

4.10.7

Discuss future plans that are imminent

1. Distinguish between the simple present and the present continuous for future. 2. Form modals for future intentions.

4.11.1

Make and respond to offers

1. Identify ways to make suggestions 2. Use language to offer alternatives

4.11.2

Express preference based on comparisons

1. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives 2. Identify and utilize vocabulary related to automobile purchase

4.11.3

Utilize idioms in social settings

Identify and utilize everyday idiomatic phrases (eye to eye, cost and arm and a leg)to describe something.

Identify and utilize everyday idiomatic phrases to describe emotions.(over the moon, under the weather)

4.11.7

Apologize and provide excuses

1. Formulate an apology with providing a reason. 2. Ask for forgiveness and Accept apologies

4.12.1

Draw conclusions about past events

1. Use words and phrases to draw conclusions based on past experiences and activities. 2. Utilize vocabulary related to injuries and illnesses

4.12.2

Describe symptoms to a doctor

Utilize advanced vocabulary to describe symptoms in detail.

Utilize participial adjectives

4.12.3

Describe hypothetical situations in the past

Form and use past conditionals.

Form and use unreal conditionals

4.12.4

Provide details of an unexpected occurrence

Provide details of what happened

Describe how something happened

4.12.5

Explain frequency of work-related tasks

Form and use future perfect

Identify frequency adverbs and expressions

4.12.6

Address common issues related to traveling

Utilize adjective + noun phrases related to travel (lost luggage, flight delay) 2. Utilize functional phrases to discuss solutions to travel plans

4.12.7

Ask about less routine transportation situations

Formulate questions related to gathering information and confirmation. 2. Identify terminology for less routine travel: carpooling, shuttles, etc.

4.12.8

Describe and explain the advantages of professional skills in detail

1. Add details and examples to statements 2. Utilize phrases to highlight advantages

4.13.1

Elaborate Own Ideas and Those of Others

Formulate and utilize statements with connectives to expand on ideas.

Formulate phrases to extend ideas (the key thing is, it’s important to consider/ to remember...

4.13.2

State the aim and explain the work issue to be resolved

Identify language of causes and effect.

Utilize connectives like because, so and therefore to link the issue and aim.

4.13.3

Give an opinion on Solving Problems

Formulate and utilize phrases for giving an opinion.

Utilize phrases for expression a reason. (The reason I think this, This would be beneficial because..)

4.13.4

Maintain the focus of a conversation

Utilize phrases to guide conversation back (that reminds me, speaking of, to get back to what..)

Ask clarifying questions (So you are saying? Could you rephrase that?)

4.13.5

Interpret information that is given visually

Identify and utilize verbs related to trends and changes (increase, decrease, grow, shrink, fall, rise)

Utilize phrases for size and quantity (more than, less than, biggest, a large number, a small amount)

4.13.6

Provide detailed accounts of experiences

Form and utilize the simple past and past continuous.

Utilize when and while

Identify and utilize describe adjectives (ancient, impressive, bustling, vibrant)

4.13.7

Describe ambitions

Utilize vocabulary for ambitions (long-term, short-term, challenges, motivation)

Form sentences with new vocabulary ( I aspire to.., my short-term aim is )

4.14.1

Convey and highlight important information

Utilize rhythm patterns to highlight key points.

Identify parallel structure

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⁠

Level 5

Level 5

Level

Lesson ID

Unit

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to ...

5.1.1

Respond to ideas and suggestions in informal discussions

Provide ideas and suggestions

Respond to ideas/suggestions.

5.1.2

Ask appropriate questions to check understanding

Check someone’s comprehension, formally

Check someone’s comprehension, informally

5.1.3

Explain why something is a problem

Use words like and since and because to provide causes and effects

Form and utilize passive participles

5.1.4

Interrupt using fixed expressions

Interrupt politely

Differentiate levels of formality for interrupting

5.1.5

Give advice and instructions for resolving a problem

Give advice and resolve problems using If/will statements

Give instructions using Imperatives

5.1.6

Ask for clarification

Use language for clarifying

Use language for checking comprehension

5.1.7

Summarize

State an impersonal belief and opinion

Determine transitions to link main ideas

5.2.1

Decline offers using formal and informal expressions

Differentiate and utilize different ways to show gratitude to decline an offer

State present and future plans and intentions.

5.2.2

Express approval and appreciation for other people’s ideas

Utilize exclamations to show your enthusiasm

Emphasize your appreciation for others’ ideas

5.2.3

Make excuses using a range of forms

Give preventive excuses about future events;

Give justificative excuses about past events.

5.2.4

Ask for advice and give advice on a complex situation

Utilize phrases for advice

Utilize introductory figurative phrases

5.2.5

Elaborate on specific ideas

Identify and use adverbial clauses of time and reason

Identify and utilize adverbial clauses of manner and condition.

5.2.6

Retell a discussion in detail

Identify and utilize advanced level reporting verbs

Establish tense consistency

5.2.7

Speculate about timeframes and durations

Identify and utilize the past perfect and past perfect continuous

Incorporate modals of speculation into your speech

5.3.1

Ask questions that allow people to clarify their reasoning

Form questions to ask for clarification on their reasons for saying or doing something

Utilize figurative language related to agreement

5.3.2

Offer options and other possible actions

Utilize phrases to introduce multiple possibilities and alternative approaches.

Utilize phrases that suggest a specific action or shows potential benefits of an alternative option.

5.3.3

Describe someone’s personality and emotions in detail

Identify and utilize advanced vocabulary for describing personality.

Distinguish between adjectives that describe personality and those that describe emotions.

5.3.4

Describe things in detail, including characteristics and features

Identify and form similies

Identify and form metaphors

5.3.5

Describe future plans and intentions with degrees of probability

Utilize the future simple and present/ present continuous for intentions and be going to + verb.

Utilize modals of probability to clarify degrees of probability.

5.3.6

State the stages of a complex process

Utilize chronological and signaling words to state a stage

Identify adjectives that describe stage—initial, final, critical

5.3.7

Express what to do and how to react in various situations

Form and use conditionals in hypothetical situations.

Utilize modals and adverbs to express certainty

5.4.1

Express degrees of agreement, using a range of language

Utilize verbs to show various degrees of agreement

Identify and utilize adverbs of certainty

5.4.2

Encourage discussion by inviting others to join

Identify and utilize phrases for inviting others to join a conversation .

Utilize tag questions for engagement

5.4.3

Recommend a course of action, giving reasons

Identify and utilize strong verbs to recommend a course of action

Introduce a reason with a reasoning phrases

5.4.4

Describe an event or activity as a linear sequence

Utilize vivid verbs in the simple past vivid

Utilize time expressions, to aid in describing a linear sequence

5.4.5

Summarize and give opinions

Use signposting phrases for summarizing

Select appropriate phrases for introducing opinion

5.4.6

State a hypothetical situation and evaluate it

Form and use real and unreal conditionals

Recognize and use language for evaluating:

5.4.7

Report factual information given by other people

Report facts given by others

Introduce facts with signposting

5.5.1

Express goals in details

Utilize the present perfect to show connection between past, present and future

Identify and use phrases for purpose

5.5.2

Express personal significance of events and experiences in detail

Identify vocabulary for impactful emotions.

Form phrases that describe and detail significance.

5.5.3

Describe the plot of a movie, book or other narrative

Utilize common linking words to sequence events.

Identify and utilize a range of prepositions of time in a narrative.

5.5.4

Provide detailed instructions on how something in the home works

Use imperatives with sequentials to provide instructions

Utilize descriptive adjective + noun to clarify

5.5.5

Describe a consumer-related problem and request a correction

Identify and utilize actions verbs that indicate a problem.

Utilize language concisely when making a request.

5.5.6

Decline requests in formal settings

Utilize advanced vocabulary for declining politely in a formal setting 2. Employ hedging devices prior to declining.

5.5.7

Exchange opinions with details

Identify and use advanced adjectives to describe in detail

Add details by forming subordinating clauses to express complex ideas

5.6.1

Ask questions to check understanding of explained concepts

Utilize vocabulary related to group work and assignments.

Employ structures to check understanding of others.

5.6.2

Illustrate a point/fact with relevant personal experiences

Use key phrases to illustrate a point.

Use signposting phrases

5.6.3

Correct mistakes that have led to misunderstandings

Utilize softening phrases

Identify and employ rhythm patterns on correcting information.

5.6.4

Express sympathy and surprise with confidence, using a range of expressions

Form expressions that express sympathy.

Use a range of vocabulary to express and respond to shock and surprise expressions

5.6.5

Refocus a discussion by suggesting what needs to be done next, and how to proceed

Suggest with phrasal verbs and modal phrases.Verbs for suggesting actions:

Utilize advanced language to suggest next actions.

5.6.6

Make a formal apology with detailed reasoning

Formulate reasons for apologies with since

Utilize because to establish cause and effects for reasons.

5.6.7

Speculate about causes, consequences or hypothetical situations

Identify and utilize for speculation of causes and future consequences.

Form hypothetical phrases with what if.

5.7.1

Provide complex steps through a series of smaller steps

Construct steps using the imperative mood

Utilize transitions and transitional phrases for chronological, connecting, adding and contrasting information.

5.7.2

Intervene in a discussion with new instructions to get back on track

Identify and utilize phrases to gain attention

Form phrases to refocus a discussion

5.7.3

Formulate questions and feedback to encourage people to expand on their thinking

Formulate and use probing questions

Formulate and use questions for expanding others’ ideas.

5.7.4

Describe factual information in an objective way during extended discourse

Use hedging with the passive voice

Use hedging with the perfect passive

5.7.5

Express degrees of enthusiasm using range of language

Utilize adverbs to express degree of enthusiasm

Utilize focal stress shifts to express enthusiasm

5.8.1

Retell a story that is funny or interesting; maintain listeners’ interest

Identify and utilize vivid verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Utilize rules of rhythm for storytelling

5.8.2

Describe past events with precision

Identify and utilize past and past continuous

Describe with adverbial clauses of manner, reason and purpose

5.8.3

Comprehend and describe the degree of necessity of various actions

Utilize modal phrases for necessity to describe needs

Utilize adverbs of certainty to express degrees of necessity

5.8.4

Discuss in detail about choices that have been made

Utilize figurative language for pros and cons of choices

Utilize figurative language for adjectives/nouns to add detail

5.8.5

Justify a viewpoint by discussing pros and cons

Formulate phrases for introducing pros and cons

Use comparatives and superlatives for weighing pros and cons

5.8.6

Negotiate a dispute

Form negotiation statements with 'agree/think (that)' + complement clause.

Utilize positive and negative tag questions

5.8.7

Make language choices to convey attitude and mood

Utilize emotional adjectives to help convey attitude

Employ rules of focal stress for emotional statements

5.9.1

Concede in an argument

Identify and utilize language for conceding on an argument.

Utilize language to acknowledge a better idea

5.9.2

Compare and contrast two things and their relevance

Utilize conjunctive adverbs for resemblance

Identify and employ parallelism when speaking.

5.9.3

Build on others ideas’ and link to them

Utilize language to acknowledge others’ ideas

Utilize language to expand upon others’ ideas

5.9.4

Make a clear argument with supporting points and examples

Form adjective clauses to detail an argument

Form adverb clauses to support and give reason for arguments

5.9.5

Express reluctance with a range of language

Form phrases to express various ranges of reluctance

Utilize adverbial clauses to show hesitancy

5.9.6

Use intonation to indicate various degrees of certainty

Employ intonation patterns that express degree of certainty.

Utilize adverbs to illustrate degree of certainty

5.9.7

Describe events in chronological order

Describe with time order words

Form and use the past perfect to describe events

5.10.1

Describe complex situations

Describe with verbs in the passive voice

Describe with objects as subjects

5.10.2

Express an inference or assumption about a person’s emotions

Utilize 'as if/as though' with the present simple to make assumptions

Utilize s if/as though' with the past simple to refer to hypothetical or counterfactual circumstances.

5.10.3

Describe trends in detail

Identify and utilize phrases to show positive trends.

Identify and utilize phrases to show negative trends.

5.10.4

Use language to reduce the impact of bad news

Use modals to introduce bad news

Utilize phrases for empathy

5.10.5

Introduce a new perspective

Form phrases to offer a new perspectives

Form relative clauses to detail new perspectives

5.10.6

Conduct an interview and check and confirm information

Form information questions to gather details

Utilize active listening phrases to demonstrate interest and confirmation.

5.10.7

Describe an experience in detail

Utilize the simple past and past continuous for narrating experiences

Compose details with sensory adjectives

5.11.1

Describe hopes and plans

Form phrases for hopes with hope/wish/long for

Form phrases for hopes and plans with I wish + subject modal.

5.11.2

Make an argument with support

Use adverbials to make an argument

Use conjunctions to support argument

5.11.3

Express agreement and disagreement with reasons

Utilize idiomatic phrases for agreement/disagreement

Form and use subordinate clauses to support agreement/disagreement

5.11.4

Initiate a conversation and keep it going

Utilize language for shared experiences

Employ turn taking devices, including words and pronunciation to keep a conversation going.

5.11.5

Be able to describe an unexpected happening.

Identify and utilize despite and in spite of with noun phrases to describe

Give offer agreement through concession.

5.11.6

Express advantages and disadvantages

Use figurative language to express advantages and disadvantages.

Form and use comparative and superlative forms for advantages/disadvantages

5.11.7

Negotiate a solution

Utilize figurative language for finding common ground:

Express reservations

5.12.1

Utilize stock phrases to gain time and keep the turn while formulating what to say

Utilize fillers to gain time when speaking.

Employ thought groups rules to keep turn while talking

5.12.2

Avoid answering a question politely and subtly

Utilize language for redirection

Utilize language to politely state why you don’t want to elaborate

5.12.3

Explain the connection between personal and professional interests and experiences.

Identify and utilize transitional phrases to connect personal and professional experiences.

Form and use the present perfect to show connection between past and now

5.12.4

Utilize hyperbole to emphasize a point.

Identify and form a hyperbole.

Utilize hyperboles to emphasize a point.

5.12.5

Ask detailed questions about specific information.

Form questions with relative clauses to get specific information.

Utilize questions with numbers and quantifiers to get specific information.

5.12.6

Express degrees of reluctance

Utilize verbs of reluctance

Formulate phrases with nouns that express reservations.

5.12.7

Engage in discussions about current events using everyday language

Use verbs to discuss events and consequences.

Utilize figurative descriptive language

5.13.1

Compare and contrast situations in some detail and speculate about the reasons for the current situation

Identify and utilize conjunctions for comparing and contrasting.

Identify and utilize causal verbs and phrases to provide reasons.

5.13.2

Outline an issue clearly and succinctly

Form simple and compound sentences for succinctness.

Identify and select concrete vs. vague adjectives

5.13.3

Recommend a course of action related to one’s health with reasons

Select verbs for suggesting

Utilize words for detailing reasons

5.13.4

Make a detailed, formal, evidence-based complaint about the quality of a product or service

Identify and utilize vivid verbs to detail.

Provide evidence in the passive voice

5.13.5

Respond politely in detail to hostile questions

Restate question

Utilize passive voice to shift focus

5.13.6

Use humor to reduce tension when dealing with sensitive topics

Form and utilize questions to invite lighthearted humor.

Form and utilize hyperbole for exaggeration

5.13.7

Restate and reframe to aid others’ understanding

Paraphrase by changing sentence structure.

Form tag questions to check paraphrased statements.

5.14.1

Describe degrees of necessity

Utilize conjunctive adverbs to describe degrees of necessity

Utilize modal verb phrases.

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⁠

Level 6

Level 6

Unit

Outcome/Title

You will learn how to...

6.1.1

Take part in discussions based on facts rather than speculation

Distinguish between facts and assumptions.

Clarify with phrases (Would you say, Could you elaborate...)

Utilize empathetic language (It sounds like, I can imagine..)

6.1.2

Can provide a factual comparison between products or services

Use comparative phrases to highlight differences objectively.

Present facts and data to support the comparison.

Conclude with an impartial summary of the findings.

6.1.3

Can offer a review of a product or service

Use evaluative language to provide a balanced review.

Highlight both strengths and weaknesses to provide a fair assessment.

Use specific criteria to justify your opinions.

6.1.4

Can describe a process with complex language

Use sequencing phrases to outline each step in detail.

Incorporate verbs of action to explain how each step is performed.

Provide additional details for clarity, such as tools or conditions required.

6.1.5

Can provide detailed descriptions with complex language

Use descriptive adjectives and adverbs to enhance clarity.

Organize descriptions logically to guide the listener.

Include relevant technical terms for precision.

6.1.6

Can summarize visual elements during a formal presentation

Describe charts, graphs, or images using precise and descriptive language.

Highlight key trends or notable elements in the visual data.

Use comparison language to connect visual elements to the presentation content.

6.1.7

Can describe a complex process or product development diagram

Utilize sequencing and chronology language to describe stages

Integrate technical vocabulary (component, input, output, feedback loop)

Employ verbs of action (assemble, operate, analyze)

6.2.1

Can describe advantages and benefits clearly with complex language.

Use evaluative language to describe the benefits of a product or idea.

Highlight unique advantages by comparing with alternatives.

Provide specific examples to illustrate the benefits in detail.

6.2.2

Can convey finer shades of meaning with linguistic precision

Use nuanced vocabulary to express subtle differences in meaning.

Adjust tone and emphasis to convey intended meaning precisely.

Provide context to clarify subtle distinctions.

6.2.3

Can pitch a proposal

Clearly outline the key features and benefits of your proposal.

Use persuasive techniques to appeal to the audience's interests.

Address potential concerns with solutions or reassurances.

6.2.4

Can give a progress report including key milestones and highlighting risks

Outline completed milestones with supporting details.

Identify potential risks and suggest mitigation strategies.

Use specific timeframes to explain progress and upcoming goals.

6.2.5

Can effectively discuss the the meaning and implications of research data

Use quantitative and qualitative vocabulary (amount, percentage, trend, pattern, correlation, relationship)

Infer implications from data using inferential language (suggest, imply, indicate)

Summarize findings

6.2.6

Can provide advice with detailed language

Use context-specific examples to give precise advice.

Offer multiple options to provide flexibility.

Use conditional language to explain the consequences of different actions.

6.2.7

Can describe the details of problem-solution relationships

Use specific language to describe problems(obstacle, difficulty, impacts, hinders, prevents)

Apply appropriate solution-focused language (resolution, resolve, overcome, tackle)

Evaluate the practicality of solutions with evaluative adjectives (feasible, practical, efficient)

6.3.1

Can present evidence-based arguments during work-related meetings

Use data and research findings to support your argument.

Present counterarguments and refute them with evidence.

Structure your argument clearly to ensure coherence and persuasiveness.

6.3.2

Can compare/contrast ideas of others while summarizing information

Identify key similarities and differences between different viewpoints.

Use comparative language to present contrasts clearly.

Summarize the overall discussion by highlighting main points of agreement and disagreement.

6.3.3

Can understand fast, colloquial speech and comment on what was said

Practice identifying idiomatic expressions and their meanings.

Paraphrase colloquial statements to ensure understanding.

Comment on colloquial speech by relating it to the context.

6.3.4

Can adapt language according to varying registers

Distinguish between formal and informal registers (Utilize vs use)

Identify appropriate language for specialized registers within a given field

Adjust tone and formality

6.3.5

Can repair communication breakdowns and misunderstandings

Validate others’ ideas, opinions and emotions (I understand you are feeling frustrated)

Use neutral, blame-free language (You’re late vs. The project is behind schedule)

Suggest common ground (Let’s meet in the middle)

6.3.6

Can adjust tone of voice to express empathy and understanding

Recognize suprasegmentals

Utilize suprasegmentals

6.3.7

Can jump in a conversation and keep it on course

Use interjection phrases to join ongoing conversations smoothly.

Redirect the conversation to maintain focus on the topic.

Use summarizing phrases to recap and keep the discussion aligned.

6.4.1

Can participate in linguistically complex discussions about attitudes and opinions

Use reported speech to convey others' opinions accurately.

Employ phrases to express attitudes (e.g., "I contend that," "It's my conviction...").

Acknowledge differing opinions while maintaining your stance.

6.4.2

Can resolve conflicts

Use active listening to understand the perspectives of all parties involved.

Apply neutral language to mediate and de-escalate tension.

Propose mutually beneficial solutions to resolve conflicts.

6.4.3

Can present a negotiating proposal in detail

Utilize first and second conditionals to outline potential outcomes

Integrate negotiation-specific vocabulary (compromise, concession, trade-off, win-win)

6.4.4

Can propose a range of different options in a complex negotiation

Present multiple options and clearly differentiate between them.

Use comparative language to evaluate the pros and cons of each option.

Highlight the flexibility of your proposal by considering various perspectives

6.4.5

Can give reasons and explanations for opinions with complex language

Use linking words to structure your reasoning (e.g., "because," "therefore").

Apply concessive clauses to acknowledge opposing views while supporting your own.

Use specific examples to substantiate your explanations.

6.4.6

Can defend a resolution to a conflict in negotiations

Persuasive verbs (prove, establish, validate)

Complex sentences

Anticipate objections

6.4.7

Can summarize the arguments and events from a complex text/report

Identify the key arguments and supporting evidence.

Summarize the sequence of events in a logical order.

Present the summary in a concise manner, highlighting main points.

6.5.1

Can summarize the position at the end of a negotiation in detail, outlining own and others’ positions

Clearly outline the positions of all parties involved.

Use summary phrases to recap key points and agreements made.

Highlight any remaining areas of disagreement and suggest next steps.

6.5.2

Can run a meeting, opening discussion, engaging participation and summarizing key ideas

Use opening statements to set the agenda and objectives of the meeting.

Employ questions and prompts to encourage participation from attendees.

Summarize key points at the end of each agenda item to ensure clarity.

6.5.3

Can give detailed advice on a wide range of subjects, using complex language

Provide advice using conditional sentences. 2. Use specific vocabulary and examples relevant to subject. 3. Tailor advice to different audiences.

6.5.4

Can reformulate what they want to say during a heated discussion to introduce a new perspective

Identify and utilize indirect speech.

Reformulate statements to be inclusive

Utilize tone and emphasis in voice to convey calmness and authority while reformulating.

6.5.5

Can follow fast-paced discussion and contribute

Identify timing interruptions for clarifications (listening for pitch falls, pausing)

Use phrases to show listening (I see...go on)

Summarize to maintain cohesion

6.5.6

Can politely avoid answering a question using complex language

Use counter questioning (Why do you ask)

Apply humor to redirect a conversation(Well, I am still alive, so that’s a good sign...)

6.5.7

Can recognize and utilize a wide range of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms, appreciating register shifts

Connect idioms and colloquialisms to context (Let’s hit the road, for going to a place)

Identify register shifts by comparing colloquial and formal variants of expressions.

Understand connotations in different settings. (Vocabulary (jargon vs. everyday language), sentence structure, reductions (gonna vs going to) and tone)

6.6.1

Can reduce impact of bad news with advanced hedging devices

Use hedging expressions (It seems like, It’s possible that)

Apply conditional clauses (If, Unless, Even if, Just in case)

Leverage qualifying adjectives and adverbs (Slight, minor, potential, possibly)

6.6.2

Can rephrase controversial statements using neutral language

Use objective language, without bias, passive voice

Soften controversial assertions with passive hedging It seems likely that

Avoid absolutes to leave room for differing opinions

6.6.3

Can justify a point of view using complex language

Utilize anecdotes

Third conditional (If we had done this earlier, we would ...)

6.6.4

Can depart and return to a prepared speech in order to answer questions

Use transitional phrases to smoothly move away from and back to the main speech.

Address audience questions concisely while linking back to the core message.

Maintain coherence by summarizing key points before resuming.

6.6.5

Can discuss financial concerns or problems with complex language

Identify and use financial terminology

Utilize complex sentence structures with relative clauses and subordinate clauses.

6.6.6

Can use a wide range of persuasive techniques to encourage a particular course of action

Employ rhetorical questions to engage the audience.

Use emotional appeals to connect with the audience's values.

Provide evidence-based arguments to build credibility.

6.6.7

Can use humor to diffuse a delicate situation or topic

Identify appropriate moments to use humor in sensitive situations.

Use light-hearted comments to ease tension without offending.

Gauge the audience's reaction and adjust the approach as needed.

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