Data Science
Empiricism/Positivism
Focuses on objective knowledge gained through data analysis and empirical evidence.
Management
Pragmatism
Values practical knowledge that can be applied to problem-solving and decision-making within organizations.
Business
Empiricism
Empirical data with recognition that markets and business environments are influenced by social factors
Education
Constructivism/Empiricism
Integrates empirical research on learning with the understanding that knowledge is constructed through social interaction and experiences in the educational process.
International Relations
Rationalism/Constructivism/Realism/Liberalism
Combines theoretical and principled analysis with the understanding that international relations are shaped by social constructs like power dynamics and institutions.
Art
Interpretivism/Constructivism
Values subjective interpretation and the socially constructed nature of artistic knowledge and appreciation